解:(1)①
:0.75,
=(
×28):(
×28),
=8:21;
②
分米:
厘米,
=
厘米:
厘米,
=70:5,
=14:1;
(2)①x:
=51:17,
17x=
×51,
17x=30.6,
17x÷17=30.6÷17,
x=1.8;
②
×7+4x=850%,
+4x=8.5,
-
+4x=8.5-
,
4x=1,
4x÷4=1÷4,
x=
;
(3)①4.05-2.86-0.14,
=4.05-(2.86+0.14),
=4.05-3,
=1.05;
②7
×0.6+0.4×7
,
=
×(0.6+0.4),
=
×1,
=
;
③2.25×3.14×4+3.14,
=3.14×(2.25×4+1),
=3.14×10,
=31.4;
④(
-
)×17×5,
=
×17×5-
×17×5,
=
-
,
=
,
=4.
分析:(1)利用比的性質,先把比化成整數(shù)比,進而化成最簡比;
(2)利用等式的性質,方程的兩邊同時加上、減去相同的數(shù),或同時乘上、除以相同的數(shù)(0除外),來解方程;
(3)①運用從一個數(shù)里連續(xù)減去兩個數(shù),就從這個數(shù)里減去這兩個數(shù)的和進行簡算;②、③、④運用乘法分配律進行簡算即可.
點評:此題屬于考查化簡比、解方程和簡算,做題時要注意根據(jù)題目的要求和數(shù)據(jù)的特點,靈活的選擇合適的方法解答即可.