18.四棱錐P-ABCD中.PA⊥底面ABCD.AB∥CD.AD=CD=1.∠BAD=120°.PA=.∠ACB=90°. 查看更多

 

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(本小題12分)四棱錐P-ABCD中,PA⊥底面ABCD,AB∥CD,AD=CD=1,∠BAD=120°,PA=,∠ACB=90°。
(1)求證:BC⊥平面PAC;
(2)求二面角D-PC-A的大小的正切值;
(3)求點(diǎn)B到平面PCD的距離。

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(本小題12分)如圖:四棱錐P—ABCD中,底面ABCD

 

 

是矩形,PA⊥底面ABCD,PA=AB=1,AD=,點(diǎn)F是PB的中點(diǎn),點(diǎn)E在邊BC上移動(dòng).

(1)證明:無論點(diǎn)E在BC邊的何處,都有PE⊥AF;

(2)當(dāng)BE等于何值時(shí),PA與平面PDE所成角的大小為45°. 

 

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(本小題12分)如圖:四棱錐P—ABCD中,底面ABCD

是矩形,PA⊥底面ABCD,PA=AB=1,AD=,點(diǎn)F是PB的中點(diǎn),點(diǎn)E在邊BC上移動(dòng).
(1)證明:無論點(diǎn)E在BC邊的何處,都有PE⊥AF;
(2)當(dāng)BE等于何值時(shí),PA與平面PDE所成角的大小為45°. 

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(本小題12分)

       如圖,已知四棱錐P—ABCD的底面是直角梯形,,AB=BC=2CD=2,PB=PC,側(cè)面底面ABCD,O是BC的中點(diǎn)。

(1)求證:平面ABCD;

   (2)求證:

   (3)若二面角D—PA—O的余弦值為,求PB的長。

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(本小題12分)

     如圖,已知四棱錐P—ABCD的底面是直角梯形,,AB=BC=2CD=2,PB=PC,

側(cè)面底面ABCD,O是BC的中點(diǎn).

(Ⅰ)求證:平面ABCD;

(Ⅱ)求證:;

(Ⅲ)若二面角D—PA—O的余弦值為,求PB的長.

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一、選擇題:

1.D  2.A  3  B  4.D 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C   9.A  10.B  11.A  12.B

二、填空題:

13.12           14.6ec8aac122bd4f6e    15   3           16.,①②③④   

三、解答題:

17.解:法(1):①∵6ec8aac122bd4f6e=(1+cosB,sinB)與6ec8aac122bd4f6e=(0,1)所成的角為6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e與向量6ec8aac122bd4f6e=(1,0)所成的角為6ec8aac122bd4f6e                                                    

6ec8aac122bd4f6e,即6ec8aac122bd4f6e                                                   (2分)

而B∈(0,π),∴6ec8aac122bd4f6e,∴6ec8aac122bd4f6e,∴B=6ec8aac122bd4f6e。                             (4分)

②令A(yù)B=c,BC=a,AC=b

∵B=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,∴b2=a2+c2-2accosB=a2+c2-ac=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,∵a,c>0。             (6分)

∴a2+c26ec8aac122bd4f6e,ac≤6ec8aac122bd4f6e (當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)a=c時(shí)等號(hào)成立)

∴12=a2+c2-ac≥6ec8aac122bd4f6e6ec8aac122bd4f6e                                               (8分)

∴(a+c)2≤48,∴a+c≤6ec8aac122bd4f6e,∴a+b+c≤6ec8aac122bd4f6e+6ec8aac122bd4f6e=6ec8aac122bd4f6e(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)a=c時(shí)取等號(hào))

故ΔABC的周長的最大值為6ec8aac122bd4f6e。                                                           (10分)

法2:(1)cos<6ec8aac122bd4f6e,6ec8aac122bd4f6e>=cos6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e,                                                                                   (2分)

即2cos2B+cosB-1=0,∴cosB=6ec8aac122bd4f6e或cosB=-1(舍),而B∈(0,π),∴B=6ec8aac122bd4f6e (4分)

(2)令A(yù)B=c,BC=a,AC=b,ΔABC的周長為6ec8aac122bd4f6e,則6ec8aac122bd4f6e=a+c+6ec8aac122bd4f6e

而a=b?6ec8aac122bd4f6e,c=b?6ec8aac122bd4f6e                                      (2分)

6ec8aac122bd4f6e=6ec8aac122bd4f6e=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

=6ec8aac122bd4f6e                                (8分)

∵A∈(0,6ec8aac122bd4f6e),∴A-6ec8aac122bd4f6e,

當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)A=6ec8aac122bd4f6e時(shí),6ec8aac122bd4f6e。                                         (10分)

 18.解法一:(1)∵PA⊥底面ABCD,BC6ec8aac122bd4f6e平面AC,∴PA⊥BC

∵∠ACB=90°,∴BC⊥AC,又PA∩AC=A,∴BC⊥平面PAC

(2)∵AB∥CD,∠BAD=120°,∴∠ADC=60°,又AD=CD=1

∴ΔADC為等邊三角形,且AC=1,取AC的中點(diǎn)O,則DO⊥AC,又PA⊥底面ABCD,

∴PA⊥DO,∴DO⊥平面PAC,過O作OH⊥PC,垂足為H,連DH

由三垂成定理知DH⊥PC,∴∠DHO為二面角D-PC-A的平面角

由OH=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,DO=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,∴tan∠DHO=6ec8aac122bd4f6e=2

∴二面角D-PC-A的大小的正切值為2。

6ec8aac122bd4f6e(3)設(shè)點(diǎn)B到平面PCD的距離為d,又AB∥平面PCD

∴VA-PCD=VP-ACD,即6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e  即點(diǎn)B到平面PCD的距離為6ec8aac122bd4f6e

19.解:(1)第一和第三次取球?qū)Φ谒拇螣o影響,計(jì)第四次摸紅球?yàn)槭录嗀

①第二次摸紅球,則第四次摸球時(shí)袋中有4紅球概率為

6ec8aac122bd4f6e                                                                            (2分)

②第二次摸白球,則第四次摸球時(shí)袋中有5紅2白,摸紅球概率為

6ec8aac122bd4f6e                                                                           (3分)

∴P(A)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,即第四次恰好摸到紅球的概率為6ec8aac122bd4f6e。(6分)(注:無文字說明扣一分)

(2)由題設(shè)可知ξ的所有可能取值為:ξ=0,1,2,3。P(ξ=0)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e;

P(ξ=1)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e;P(ξ=2)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e;

P(ξ=3)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e。故隨機(jī)變量ξ的分布列為:

ξ

0

1

2

6ec8aac122bd4f6e3

P

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

∴Eξ=6ec8aac122bd4f6e(個(gè)),故Eξ=6ec8aac122bd4f6e(個(gè))                                          (1

20.解:(1)6ec8aac122bd4f6e,6ec8aac122bd4f6e

故數(shù)列6ec8aac122bd4f6e是首項(xiàng)為2,公比為2的等比數(shù)列。

6ec8aac122bd4f6e,6ec8aac122bd4f6e…………………………………………4分

(2)6ec8aac122bd4f6e,6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

②―①得6ec8aac122bd4f6e,即6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

④―③得6ec8aac122bd4f6e,即6ec8aac122bd4f6e

所以數(shù)列6ec8aac122bd4f6e是等差數(shù)列……………………9分

(3)6ec8aac122bd4f6e………………………………11分

設(shè)6ec8aac122bd4f6e,則6ec8aac122bd4f6e6ec8aac122bd4f6e

…………13分

21.解:(1)設(shè)6ec8aac122bd4f6e,6ec8aac122bd4f6e.

整理得AB:bx-ay-ab=0與原點(diǎn)距離6ec8aac122bd4f6e,又6ec8aac122bd4f6e,

聯(lián)立上式解得b=1,∴c=2,6ec8aac122bd4f6e.∴雙曲線方程為6ec8aac122bd4f6e.

(2)設(shè)C(x1,y1),D(x2,y2)設(shè)CD中點(diǎn)M(x0,y0),

6ec8aac122bd4f6e,∴|AC|=|AD|,∴AM⊥CD.

聯(lián)立直線6ec8aac122bd4f6e與雙曲線的方程得6ec8aac122bd4f6e,整理得(1-3k2)x2-6kmx-3m2-3=0,且6ec8aac122bd4f6e.

6ec8aac122bd4f6e ,    6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e6ec8aac122bd4f6e,∴AM⊥CD.

6ec8aac122bd4f6e,整理得6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e且k2>0,,代入6ec8aac122bd4f6e中得6ec8aac122bd4f6e.

6ec8aac122bd4f6e.

22.解:(1)∵6ec8aac122bd4f6e(x)=3ax2+sinθx-2

由題設(shè)可知:6ec8aac122bd4f6e6ec8aac122bd4f6e6ec8aac122bd4f6e∴sinθ=1。(2分)

從而a=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,∴f(x)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,而又由f(1)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e得,c=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

∴f(x)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e即為所求。                                                     (4分)

(2)6ec8aac122bd4f6e(x)=x2+x-2=(x+2)(x-1)易知f(x)在(-∞,-2)及(1,+∞)上均為增函數(shù),在(-2,1)上為減函數(shù)。

(i)當(dāng)m>1時(shí),f(x)在[m,m+3]上遞增。故f(x)max=f(m+3),f(x)min=f(m)

由f(m+3)-f(m)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e(m+3)3+6ec8aac122bd4f6e(m+3)2-2(m+3)-6ec8aac122bd4f6e=3m2+12m+6ec8aac122bd4f6e得-5≤m≤1。這與條件矛盾故舍。                                                                        (6分)

(ii)當(dāng)0≤m≤1時(shí),f(x)在[m,1]上遞減,在[1,m+3]上遞增。

∴f(x)min=f(1),f(x)max={f(m),f(m+3)}max

又f(m+3)-f(m)=3m2+12m+6ec8aac122bd4f6e=3(m+2)2-6ec8aac122bd4f6e>0(0≤m≤1),∴f(x)max=f(m+3)

∴|f(x1)-f(x2)| ≤f(x)max-f(x)min=f(m+3)-f(1) ≤f(4)-f(1)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e恒成立

故當(dāng)0≤m≤1原式恒成立。                                                                        (8分)

綜上:存在m且m∈[0,1]合乎題意。                                                     (9分)

(3)∵a1∈(0,16ec8aac122bd4f6e,∴a26ec8aac122bd4f6e,故a2>2

假設(shè)n=k(k≥2,k∈N*)時(shí),ak>2。則ak+1=f(ak)>f(2)=8>2

故對(duì)于一切n(n≥2,n∈N*)均有an>2成立。                                        (11分)

令g(x)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

當(dāng)x∈(0,2)時(shí)6ec8aac122bd4f6e(x)<0,x∈(2,+∞)時(shí),6ec8aac122bd4f6e(x)>0,

∴g(x)在x∈[2,+∞6ec8aac122bd4f6e時(shí)為增函數(shù)。

而g(2)=8-8ln2>0,即當(dāng)x∈[2,+∞6ec8aac122bd4f6e時(shí),g(x)≥g(2)>0恒成立。

∴g(an)>0,(n≥2)也恒成立。即:an+1>8lnan(n≥2)恒成立。

而當(dāng)n=1時(shí),a2=8,而8lna1≤0,∴a2>8lna1顯然成立。

綜上:對(duì)一切n∈N*均有an+1>8lnan成立。                                 

 

 

 

 

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