2009年高考《政治常識(shí)》重要考點(diǎn)命題預(yù)測(cè)
四川省宣漢縣第二中學(xué) 張 鑫
第一單元 我國的國家制度(上)
【高考命題趨勢(shì)】
本課講述了關(guān)于國家問題的重要觀點(diǎn)、理論忽然知識(shí),是政治常識(shí)的重要內(nèi)容,也是高考重要考查的內(nèi)容之一。國家職能、一國兩制、人民代表的權(quán)利和義務(wù)在各地高考試題中均有反映。
1、我國是人民民主專政的社會(huì)主義國家,人民是國家的主人,因此要堅(jiān)持“以人為本”的執(zhí)政理念。以人為本,構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)?茖W(xué)發(fā)展觀的本質(zhì)和核心是堅(jiān)持以人為本。 “和諧社會(huì)”和“社會(huì)和諧”是當(dāng)前我國、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活中的熱點(diǎn),中國共產(chǎn)黨要堅(jiān)持“以人為本”的執(zhí)政理念。
2、關(guān)于過埃及職能要特別重視
特別應(yīng)關(guān)注國家在堅(jiān)持以人為本、促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧的建設(shè)中,在貫徹十七屆三中全會(huì)精神、推進(jìn)農(nóng)村改革與發(fā)展中,在加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展中,在創(chuàng)新型國家的建設(shè)中應(yīng)該履行的國家職能,將在2009年高考中出現(xiàn)。
3、人民代表大會(huì)制度是我國的根本政治制度,要運(yùn)用當(dāng)年人代會(huì)的熱點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)問題,分析人民代表大會(huì)的職權(quán),這些權(quán)力是如何行使的,結(jié)合具體事例分析人民代表應(yīng)享有哪些權(quán)利和履行哪些義務(wù)。
4、關(guān)于民主政治建設(shè),結(jié)合我國的社會(huì)主義民主建設(shè)取得的重大成就,分析今后應(yīng)如何加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義民主政治建設(shè)。
5、關(guān)注臺(tái)灣問題,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)國家完全統(tǒng)一。近年來,兩岸關(guān)系出現(xiàn)和平發(fā)展的良好態(tài)勢(shì),尤其是兩岸“三通”的正式實(shí)現(xiàn),具有重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)意義和政治意義,必將成為高考關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。
【2009年考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)】
考點(diǎn)1、我國的國家職能
[預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)] 這部分內(nèi)容是高考命題的重要知識(shí)點(diǎn),客觀題和主觀題都有所涉及,以主觀題為主。
[角度預(yù)測(cè)]結(jié)合2009年國家在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、外交等重大事件中的舉措,如結(jié)合國家在抗震救災(zāi)重建家園、應(yīng)對(duì)“三鹿奶粉”事件、開展對(duì)口援建共建和諧家園、落實(shí)免除城市義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)雜費(fèi)等熱點(diǎn)問題,考查對(duì)我國的國家職能的理解、判斷和運(yùn)用。
考點(diǎn)2、我國的人民代表大會(huì)制度與人民代表
[預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)] 首先,我國的人民代表大會(huì)制度與人民代表,是歷年來高考命題的重中之重,關(guān)于某一政體類型的判斷幾乎每年都考。其次,這是這部分知識(shí)點(diǎn)比較復(fù)雜,出題角度多,可以靈活多樣。再次,每年三月份兩會(huì),總是全國、乃至全世界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),要通過一些重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的決策。
[角度預(yù)測(cè)] 運(yùn)用相關(guān)知識(shí)分析人民代表大會(huì)的職權(quán),這些權(quán)力是如何行使的;結(jié)合具體事例,如2009年召開的“兩會(huì)”,分析人民與人民代表大會(huì)及人民代表的關(guān)系,人民代表應(yīng)享有哪些權(quán)利和履行哪些義務(wù),“兩會(huì)”所體現(xiàn)的相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)及如何認(rèn)識(shí)我國的人民代表大會(huì)制度,與國體,黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、依法治國等結(jié)合起來考查。
考點(diǎn)3、“一國兩制”
[預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)] “一國兩制”相關(guān)的內(nèi)容在高考中所占分值近年來較高;臺(tái)灣問題在經(jīng)常變動(dòng),時(shí)而會(huì)發(fā)生一些焦點(diǎn)問題,那么如何貫徹“一國兩制”,實(shí)現(xiàn)祖國大陸與臺(tái)灣完全的統(tǒng)一,會(huì)是我國政治生活中的熱門話題,在今年高考中必會(huì)有所體現(xiàn)。
[角度預(yù)測(cè)]從選擇題的角度考查關(guān)于“一國兩制”的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),以社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)如兩岸“三通”的正式實(shí)現(xiàn)為背景材料,以“一國兩制”的知識(shí)為依托,考查祖國統(tǒng)一的意義、方式等。在中國共產(chǎn)黨與中國國民黨、親民黨等推動(dòng)下,兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化交流不斷發(fā)展,對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)祖國的和平統(tǒng)一具有什么意義等。
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第二單元 我國的國家制度(下)
【高考命題趨勢(shì)】
本課內(nèi)容是第一課的拓展和延伸,在政治常識(shí)部分占有重要地位。近幾年的高考非常重視對(duì)本部分內(nèi)容的考查,力度越來越大,分值越來越高?疾樽疃嗟闹R(shí)點(diǎn)是國家機(jī)構(gòu)的組織和活動(dòng)三原則、公民的權(quán)利和義務(wù)、處理好公民與國家關(guān)系的原則等。
1、運(yùn)用國家機(jī)構(gòu)的組織和活動(dòng)原則分析關(guān)于如果貫徹科學(xué)發(fā)展觀、建設(shè)和諧社會(huì)的一系列熱點(diǎn)問題。
2、運(yùn)用國家機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)的原則,分析國家為什么堅(jiān)持以人為本、促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧。
3、運(yùn)用對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)原則以及公民在法律面前一律平等的原則,分析國家高度關(guān)注與解決就業(yè)、上學(xué)、看病難等問題。
4、運(yùn)用依法治國的原則,分析我國一些法律的修訂、制定、取消等,分析我國實(shí)行的官員行政問責(zé)制等。
【2009年考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)】
考點(diǎn)1、依法治國原則、對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)原則、民主集中制原則
[預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)] 本考點(diǎn)是每年高考考查的重點(diǎn);三原則與國家重大方針、政策、重要活動(dòng)緊密相關(guān);而且與國家性質(zhì)和國家職能存在密切聯(lián)系。
[角度預(yù)測(cè)]一是對(duì)每一個(gè)原則進(jìn)行單獨(dú)考查。如以保增長、改善民生(汶川災(zāi)后重建、加強(qiáng)鐵路等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、地方政府救樓市)等重大時(shí)政熱點(diǎn)為載體考查對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)原則。
以關(guān)注公共安全(“三鹿奶粉”事件、龍崗“9•20”火災(zāi)事故、廣元柑橘事件)等重大時(shí)政熱點(diǎn)為背景材料考查依法治國原則。以2009年“兩會(huì)”通過的重大決議的形成的產(chǎn)生過程考查對(duì)民主集中制的理解。二是與國家性質(zhì)、國家職能等相結(jié)合,以主觀題的形式出現(xiàn),考查對(duì)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用以及整合能力、理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的能力。
考點(diǎn)2、國家和公民的關(guān)系
[預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)]一是該考點(diǎn)包含著若干個(gè)重要的小知識(shí)點(diǎn),如公民在法律面前一律平等、監(jiān)督權(quán)等。二是當(dāng)前全國上下構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)這個(gè)社會(huì)大背景,社會(huì)要和諧發(fā)展,很重要的一點(diǎn)就是國家和公民關(guān)系要和諧。
[角度預(yù)測(cè)]一是將其中的某個(gè)小知識(shí)點(diǎn)拿出來,以選擇題的形式出現(xiàn),考查對(duì)知識(shí)的識(shí)記、理解能力。二是以主觀性試題的形式出現(xiàn),運(yùn)用知識(shí)分析說明我國改革收入分配、關(guān)注社會(huì)公平(免除城市義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)雜費(fèi)、擴(kuò)大就業(yè)、完善社會(huì)保障、重慶出租車罷運(yùn)事件)等有關(guān)構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)的熱點(diǎn)問題。
考點(diǎn)3、監(jiān)督權(quán)
[預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)] 主要是考查當(dāng)前社會(huì)上出現(xiàn)的若干不良問題與整個(gè)監(jiān)督不力的密切關(guān)系。比如說問責(zé)制、執(zhí)法不到位問題。
[角度預(yù)測(cè)]以本年度發(fā)生的重大的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中具體事例為載體,以選擇題形式出現(xiàn),考查對(duì)這個(gè)考點(diǎn)的理解能力。比如“三鹿奶粉”事件、龍崗“9•20”火災(zāi)事故、華南虎照片事件、云南“躲貓貓”事件等。
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第三單元 我國的政黨與政黨制度
【高考命題趨勢(shì)】
從近幾年的高考試題來看,本單元知識(shí)的考查重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容是黨的性地位和作用,黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式和執(zhí)政方式,加強(qiáng)黨的建設(shè),多黨合作制度等,其中比較穩(wěn)定的考點(diǎn)是黨的性質(zhì)、地位和作用,以及黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式和黨的建設(shè)。就命題方式來說,以選擇題為主,以主觀題為輔。特別是在黨的理論有重大突破,黨有比較重大的活動(dòng)或者是具有特定意義的年份時(shí),設(shè)題的幾率大為增加。試題的背景材料多為黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的講話,黨的重大決策和某些具體活動(dòng)。
【2009年考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)】
考點(diǎn)1、中國共產(chǎn)黨的性質(zhì)、地位和作用
[預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)] 一是因?yàn)檫@是近幾年的高考命題的重點(diǎn);二是當(dāng)前國內(nèi)重大時(shí)政熱點(diǎn)問題,都與這一考點(diǎn)相聯(lián)系,比如我們黨堅(jiān)持以人為本的執(zhí)政理念,就是要說明黨的性質(zhì),再比如各種事務(wù)要在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行,這就是要說明黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位和作用。
[角度預(yù)測(cè)] 一是考查單個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn),以選擇題的形式出現(xiàn),考查考生對(duì)小知識(shí)點(diǎn)的理解把握能力。二是結(jié)合本年度黨的重大決策和某些具體活動(dòng)為背景材料,比如,中央印發(fā)未來五年反腐敗工作規(guī)劃,加強(qiáng)懲治和預(yù)防農(nóng)村腐;交納特殊黨費(fèi);堅(jiān)持以人為本的執(zhí)政理念、注重社會(huì)公平;轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能、關(guān)注安全問題、就業(yè)是民生之本;2009年“兩會(huì)”等等,運(yùn)用國家性質(zhì)、國家機(jī)構(gòu)的性質(zhì)和組織原則、國家職能等知識(shí),考查考生對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的整合能力,以及變通、遷移運(yùn)用能力。
考點(diǎn)2、中國共產(chǎn)黨的執(zhí)政方式
[預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)]科學(xué)執(zhí)政、民主執(zhí)政、依法執(zhí)政這三種執(zhí)政方式,與當(dāng)前全國上下貫徹科學(xué)發(fā)展觀、努力推進(jìn)政治文明建設(shè)和繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)依法治國等重大方針政策密切相關(guān)。
[角度預(yù)測(cè)]主要結(jié)合中央決定開展深入學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐科學(xué)發(fā)展觀活動(dòng),考查對(duì)科學(xué)執(zhí)政、民主執(zhí)政、依法執(zhí)政這三種執(zhí)政方式的含義和內(nèi)在的關(guān)系的理解。
第四單元 我國民族與宗教
【高考命題趨勢(shì)】
近的高考題在本單元的命題雖然不多,但我們堅(jiān)決不能掉以輕心,它的命題特點(diǎn)往往與社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)聯(lián)系密切,而且對(duì)我國的民族和宗教問題多從正面考查,應(yīng)引起我們足夠的重視。
從題型設(shè)計(jì)看,本單元以選擇題和簡答題為主,幾乎沒有出現(xiàn)過其他題型。如果僅看全國卷,甚至只有選擇題一類題型,換句話說沒有出現(xiàn)過主觀題,僅僅在試點(diǎn)地區(qū)的試卷上出現(xiàn)過幾道簡答題。這一趨向應(yīng)引起考生的足夠的重視。今后高考命題可能仍主要是選擇題,但使用綜合卷的地區(qū)應(yīng)注意,文綜試卷主觀題全部以綜合論述題的形式出現(xiàn),有些設(shè)問實(shí)際保持了簡答題的設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格,答案也力求簡明、規(guī)范。結(jié)合最近國家的政策和發(fā)展形勢(shì),與此有關(guān)的比較重要的問題是關(guān)于民族地區(qū)的發(fā)展,則有可能從堅(jiān)持處理民族關(guān)系的方針和民族區(qū)域自治政策的重要性角度進(jìn)行考查,還有就是西部大開發(fā)、建設(shè)和諧社會(huì),全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)。此外,要注意我國在民族宗教工作的新思路、新政策、新動(dòng)向,注意結(jié)合民族政策、宗教政策對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析。
【2009年考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)】
考點(diǎn)1、我國處理民族關(guān)系的三大原則、民族區(qū)域自治制度
[預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)] 首先,這是每年高考在本單元命題的重點(diǎn)所在,出現(xiàn)的頻率比較高。其次,民族平等、民族團(tuán)結(jié)、各民族共同繁榮原則和民族區(qū)域自治制度,很容易和當(dāng)前社會(huì)關(guān)注的西部大開民族自治地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化發(fā)展等結(jié)合。
[角度預(yù)測(cè)]一是考查單個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn),以選擇題形式考查考生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的理解把握。二是與其他知識(shí)結(jié)合,分析當(dāng)前我國民族地區(qū)的發(fā)展的重大事件,以主觀性試題形式出現(xiàn),考查我國民族關(guān)系原則和政策實(shí)施的意義和進(jìn)行的具體措施。比如結(jié)合寧夏回族自治區(qū)成立50周年、西藏民主改革50周年等取得的歷史性輝煌成就以及構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì),考查我國處理民族關(guān)系的基本原則、民族區(qū)域自治制度和我國國家職能。
考點(diǎn)2、宗教信仰自由、科學(xué)世界觀、封建迷信
[預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)] 首先,宗教信仰自由政策本身包含的知識(shí)點(diǎn)比較多而且重要,出題點(diǎn)也較多。其次是當(dāng)前國家比較重視世界觀教育、社會(huì)也關(guān)注科學(xué)世界觀的導(dǎo)向作用。再次,社會(huì)上封建迷信活動(dòng)經(jīng)常以所謂“新形式”出現(xiàn),帶來了不良的影響。
[角度預(yù)測(cè)]一是考查對(duì)宗教信仰、科學(xué)世界觀和封建迷信關(guān)系的理解、本質(zhì)區(qū)別及一定的聯(lián)系。二是結(jié)合我國政府在民族地區(qū)采取的一些政策,比如國務(wù)院發(fā)布《西藏文化的保護(hù)與發(fā)展》、《西藏民主改革50周年》等白皮書,通過宗教界進(jìn)行的各種宗教活動(dòng),考查對(duì)宗教信仰自由內(nèi)容的全面性、變通性理解,考試中仍然以選擇題形式出現(xiàn)。
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mwww.ks5u.com
第五單元 國際社會(huì)和我國的對(duì)外政策
【高考命題趨勢(shì)】
本單元是政治常識(shí)的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。主權(quán)國家是國際社會(huì)的基本成員,國家利益和國家力量是國際關(guān)系的決定因素,聯(lián)合國在國際社會(huì)中發(fā)揮著巨大的不可替代的作用。和平與發(fā)展是當(dāng)今時(shí)代的主題,建立國際新秩序是解決和平與發(fā)展問題的有效途徑。在錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的國際形式下,中國始終奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策。由于上述內(nèi)容同當(dāng)前出現(xiàn)的重大熱點(diǎn)問題有密切聯(lián)系,所以一直是高考命題的重點(diǎn)。從近幾年高考看,本單元將從以下兩方面的熱點(diǎn)著手:
1、走和平發(fā)展道路,中國積極開展大國關(guān)系戰(zhàn)略,推動(dòng)建設(shè)和諧世界。
大國關(guān)系(中俄邊界談判、中日戰(zhàn)略互惠關(guān)系“四點(diǎn)建議”、中美關(guān)系);朝核問題六方會(huì)談;上海合作組織峰會(huì);美國大選;胡錦濤訪問亞非五國。
我國政府在穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展與大國的關(guān)系上,一直堅(jiān)持“為國家經(jīng)濟(jì)利益做貢獻(xiàn)”的原則,從“大國是關(guān)鍵,周邊是首要”的觀點(diǎn)出發(fā),積極開展與大國的合作外交。發(fā)展與大國的關(guān)系,是中國外交戰(zhàn)略的重點(diǎn)。在處理與大國關(guān)系中,中國與世界大國和國家集團(tuán)在經(jīng)濟(jì)上共贏互利,已成為進(jìn)一步發(fā)展與大國關(guān)系的主線。
通過中俄邊界談判,我國與俄羅斯的戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系得到了進(jìn)一步的提升;中日戰(zhàn)略互惠關(guān)系“四點(diǎn)建議”,表明中日關(guān)系得到了進(jìn)一步的改善;美國金融危機(jī)的爆發(fā),中美關(guān)系的交流與合作得到了進(jìn)一步的加強(qiáng);中國與歐盟在經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系方面得到了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展;中法、中德關(guān)系發(fā)展良好。
2、加強(qiáng)國際交流與合作,應(yīng)對(duì)國際金融風(fēng)暴。2008天津夏季達(dá)沃斯論壇年會(huì);亞歐45首腦聚北京迎戰(zhàn)金融危機(jī)、二十國集團(tuán)金融峰會(huì);亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織第十六次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會(huì)議;上海合作組織峰會(huì);胡錦濤訪問亞非五國;溫家寶總理出席2009年“兩會(huì)”記者招待會(huì)上,指出:危機(jī)當(dāng)前,信心比黃金更重要。
【2009年考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)】
考點(diǎn)1、國家利益和國家力量決定國際關(guān)系及其變化
[預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)]首先,這是高考命題中出現(xiàn)頻率比較高的知識(shí)點(diǎn),幾乎是每年必考的內(nèi)容;其次,本考點(diǎn)在題目設(shè)置上,取材非常廣泛,每年的國際形勢(shì)都有引人注意的地方,各國外交政策總在不斷作出調(diào)整,這都可以作為出題的背景材料。
[角度預(yù)測(cè)]一是單獨(dú)考查本知識(shí)點(diǎn)。選取小的背景材料,以選擇題的形式出現(xiàn),二是結(jié)合其他知識(shí),依托大背景,以主觀試題的形式出現(xiàn),考查考生的綜合運(yùn)用能力和知識(shí)整合的能力。
考點(diǎn)2、我國外交政策的五個(gè)基本點(diǎn)
[預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)]首先,在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和政治多極化的大趨勢(shì)下,我國必然要進(jìn)行各種各樣的外活動(dòng),這些外交活動(dòng)中必然會(huì)體現(xiàn)我國外交政策的基本內(nèi)容;其次,這是本單元知識(shí)體系的重點(diǎn)和高考命題的重點(diǎn),必須給予高度重視。
[角度預(yù)測(cè)]主要是結(jié)合其他知識(shí)點(diǎn),如我國的國家性質(zhì)、對(duì)外職能、國際關(guān)系的決定因素、國際競爭、和平與發(fā)展、聯(lián)合國等,以主觀試題形式出現(xiàn),考查考生多角度、多層次分析問題的能力。
湖北省宜昌一中2009屆高三年級(jí)理科綜合能力測(cè)試(二)
命題人:黃瓊 高曉軍 龍信和 時(shí)間:150分鐘 總分300分
第I卷(共126分)
以下數(shù)據(jù)可供解題時(shí)參考:相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量(原子量): Mg 24; Al 27
2008-2009學(xué)年度
湖北省補(bǔ)習(xí)學(xué)校聯(lián)合體大聯(lián)考
語 文 試 題
命題學(xué)校:新洲區(qū)高中文化補(bǔ)習(xí)中心 命題人:巴曉華
審題學(xué)校:江夏區(qū)補(bǔ)習(xí)學(xué)校 審題人:彭麗紅
考試時(shí)間:
本試卷分為試題和答卷兩部分。試題共8頁(1―8頁),答卷共4頁(1―4頁)。共150分?荚嚂r(shí)間150分鐘。
注意事項(xiàng):
1、請(qǐng)考生務(wù)必將學(xué)校名、考生姓名、考號(hào)填寫在答卷的指定位置。
2、所有題目答案均請(qǐng)寫在答卷上指定的區(qū)域。
3、考試結(jié)束后,請(qǐng)監(jiān)考人員將答卷按順序收取。
剖析圖表 提取信息 回歸教材
――巧解圖表型試題
河北臨西一中 徐愛香
圖表試題是中考中一種常見題型。此種題型以圖表為載體,形象直觀、信息量大,能夠考查學(xué)生的分析、綜合、判斷、推理能力,尤其能夠考查學(xué)生提取、處理信息的能力。圖表一般包括:標(biāo)題、圖表、數(shù)據(jù),F(xiàn)在介紹一下此題的解答步驟:
第一步,認(rèn)真閱讀標(biāo)題。標(biāo)題是圖表的眼睛,是整個(gè)內(nèi)容的濃縮,是解答試題的鑰匙。第二步,仔細(xì)觀察比較項(xiàng)。圖標(biāo)是試題的主要載體,試題的主要內(nèi)容是以圖表表現(xiàn)出來的,我們一定要學(xué)會(huì)分析圖標(biāo),學(xué)會(huì)觀察比較,包括橫向比較與縱向比較。通過觀察、比較,能從圖表中得出變化趨勢(shì)、規(guī)律和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)等。應(yīng)注意一點(diǎn),圖表有柱狀圖、曲線圖和表格等,觀察圖表的內(nèi)容,要注意圖表中的時(shí)間、類別等,注意圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)的變化情況及對(duì)比情況,如果是多個(gè)圖表,還要注意圖表間的對(duì)比情況。第三步,細(xì)讀圖表的“注角”,在圖表下面時(shí)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些文字進(jìn)行說明,此稱為“注角”,它主要對(duì)圖表起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用,注角對(duì)理解圖表內(nèi)容起著重要的作用,是“圖表分析型”試題的重要組成部分,對(duì)解題有著重要的提示作用。第四步,提取信息,回歸教材,組織答案。圖標(biāo)所要揭示的問題,往往就是我們?cè)诮滩闹袑W(xué)過的基本知識(shí)點(diǎn)、基本原理等。因此,通過全面分析圖表提取有效的信息后,要在教材中尋找相關(guān)的知識(shí)點(diǎn),找出解題依據(jù)。注意在解題時(shí),除了要準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)出圖表的寓意之外,還要運(yùn)用教材的知識(shí)對(duì)圖表所揭示的問題進(jìn)行分析,用發(fā)散思維作答,即多層次、多角度組織答案,組織答案時(shí)要使用規(guī)范語言。
例如:(2006年 河北)
閱讀圖表,簡要回答問題。
我國《國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十一個(gè)五年規(guī)劃綱要》中有關(guān)指標(biāo)
降低(減少)的指標(biāo)
提高(達(dá)到)的指標(biāo)
單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能源消耗
降低20%左右
森林覆蓋率
達(dá)到20%
主要污染物排放總量
減少10%
工業(yè)固體廢氣物綜合利用率
提高到60%
注:“十一五”時(shí)期是指2006-2010年。
(1)上述指標(biāo)是針對(duì)什么國情提出的?提出這些指標(biāo)對(duì)我國社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展有何意義?
(2)保護(hù)環(huán)境,人人有責(zé)。請(qǐng)寫出你保護(hù)環(huán)境的兩個(gè)具體做法。
解答此題,首先要閱讀圖表的標(biāo)題:《國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十一個(gè)五年規(guī)劃綱要》中有關(guān)指標(biāo),標(biāo)題指示我們要關(guān)注我國“十一五”國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。接著再分析圖表,進(jìn)行比較。從橫向來看,比較的對(duì)象是降低(減少)的指標(biāo)和提高(達(dá)到)的指標(biāo)。從縱向來看,比較的降低對(duì)象是單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能源消耗、主要污染物排放總量及提高的對(duì)象是森林覆蓋率、工業(yè)固體廢氣物綜合利用率等。通過比較可以看出當(dāng)前我國資源短缺,環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重,我國面臨嚴(yán)峻的資源和環(huán)境形勢(shì),我國發(fā)展的目的是加強(qiáng)對(duì)環(huán)境、資源的保護(hù)。然后,看注角:“十一五”時(shí)期是指2006-2010年,這啟示要了解在“十一五”的期間,國家制訂的方針、政策及我們青少年應(yīng)該怎樣做等,同時(shí)還啟示我們要關(guān)注時(shí)政熱點(diǎn)。最后,結(jié)合我國的基本國情和實(shí)施的戰(zhàn)略及實(shí)施戰(zhàn)略的意義進(jìn)行回答即可。第二問,教材中沒有具體的解答可以結(jié)合實(shí)際行動(dòng)進(jìn)行回答。
2009中考考點(diǎn)梳理五:成語學(xué)科網(wǎng)
專家解讀考點(diǎn):學(xué)科網(wǎng)
2008年全國中考試題對(duì)成語的考查,主要涉及到下述四個(gè)方面:①正確理解與運(yùn)用課文中出現(xiàn)的常見成語;②辨析常用成語在不同語言環(huán)境中的不同意義;③了解成語的基本含義和所攜帶的故事意義;④判斷成語使用的正誤,辨析常用成語的感情色彩;⑤根據(jù)具體的語境意義寫出成語,理解成語中加點(diǎn)字的含義?疾榈囊罁(jù)主要是在學(xué)生所學(xué)課文中出現(xiàn)的常用成語,試題載體主要來自于課外。
題型分析:2008年全國中考試題中的成語試題,在題型上主要有:①選擇題:選出成語和釋義等搭配有誤的一項(xiàng);選出對(duì)成語中加點(diǎn)字解釋有誤的一項(xiàng);選出句子中加點(diǎn)成語解釋有錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng);選出成語中加點(diǎn)字字義相同的一項(xiàng);選出句子中加點(diǎn)成語使用正確或不正確的―項(xiàng);選出語段空缺處依次填入成語最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)或兩項(xiàng);選出對(duì)句子中加點(diǎn)成語使用錯(cuò)誤分析不正確的一項(xiàng)。②填空題:填字將成語補(bǔ)充完整;以一個(gè)成語的四個(gè)字為開頭各寫一個(gè)與其意思相近的成語;根據(jù)具體語言環(huán)境要求填寫相應(yīng)的成語;根據(jù)相關(guān)提示在語段中填寫成語;在語段中用相關(guān)的成語替換畫線文字。③簡答題:簡要評(píng)說借用成語制作的廣告詞。
解題策略:成語試題主要考查考生理解和運(yùn)用成語的能力。對(duì)教材中出現(xiàn)的常用成語,要聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際從理解和運(yùn)用兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí);注意對(duì)成語基本含義或成語中的某一個(gè)字的理解;糾正廣告中基于技巧誤用、錯(cuò)用的成語等。學(xué)科網(wǎng)
典型例題透視:學(xué)科網(wǎng)
例 依次填入下面這段文字橫線上的成語,正確的一項(xiàng)是()
汶川地震,舉世同悲; ,患難與共,尤顯炎黃子孫血濃于水的同胞情。
國殤之日,重生之時(shí);中國挺住,四川雄起,愈見華夏兒女 的民族魂。
A.風(fēng)雨飄搖百煉成鋼 B.風(fēng)雨飄搖 百折不撓
C.風(fēng)雨同舟 百煉成鋼 D.風(fēng)雨同舟 百折不撓
。2008年福建福州市中考試題)
答案:D
透視:這是一道選擇題,正確選項(xiàng)為D。此題主要考查考生正確運(yùn)用成語填空的能力。試題載體來自“5?12”汶川大地震的有關(guān)報(bào)道。解答這道題,考生首先要讀一遍試題材料,喚起“5?12”汶川大地震以來全國人民抗震救災(zāi)的回憶;其次是要結(jié)合具體語言環(huán)境對(duì)選項(xiàng)中四組不同搭配的成語進(jìn)行辨析;第三是根據(jù)“同胞情”“民族魂”選出正確的選項(xiàng)。學(xué)科網(wǎng)
常見失誤分析:學(xué)科網(wǎng)
例 成語是我國語言文化中一道獨(dú)特的風(fēng)景線,試根據(jù)相關(guān)提示用初中古文中出現(xiàn)的成語補(bǔ)全文段。
當(dāng)前行中暫時(shí)落后時(shí),我們是選擇沉淪退縮還是奮勇向上?吳下阿蒙說我們當(dāng)努力向上,總有一天讓別人發(fā)出“ ”的感嘆。在道義面前,面臨生與死的抉擇時(shí),我們是選擇茍且的生,還是凜然的死?孟子說我們當(dāng) 。
(2008年湖北黃石市中考試題)
答案:士別三日,(當(dāng))刮目相看;舍生取義
分析:此題是一道填空題,主要考查考生在具體的語境中運(yùn)用成語填空的能力。要求填寫的這兩個(gè)成語都出自考生所學(xué)的古文中。正確答案為“士別三日,(當(dāng))刮目相看”和“舍生取義”。解答此題,考生容易忽略題干要求,不與文段內(nèi)容以及考生學(xué)過的相關(guān)古文相聯(lián)系,從而導(dǎo)致誤填。解誤方略是要抓住題干中“初中古文中出現(xiàn)的成語”這一關(guān)鍵語句,根據(jù)文段內(nèi)容聯(lián)系所學(xué)古文進(jìn)行填寫。學(xué)科網(wǎng)
能力提升練習(xí):學(xué)科網(wǎng)
Ⅰ中考試題精編
1.下列各句劃線詞語使用恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是 ( )
A.防止疫情流行,是“5?12”汶川特大地震后災(zāi)區(qū)刻不容緩的頭等大事。
B.用心觀察,你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)平凡的生活能為我們提供巧奪天工的作文素材。
C.在外漂泊十多年的他見到親人時(shí)終于忍俊不禁,流下了辛酸的眼淚。
D.為了備戰(zhàn)空前絕后的北京奧運(yùn)會(huì),全國上下都在同心協(xié)力爭創(chuàng)佳績。
。2008年四川瀘州市中考試題)
2.依次為下面語段空缺處填入詞語,最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是( )
生活就像一條千回百折的小溪,需要我們有 ① 的勇氣。生活是一位公正的法官,他不會(huì) ② 那些蹉跎歲月的“玩看”者。如果沒有腳踏實(shí)地的跋涉,一切幻想都是③
。生活中有酸甜苦辣,也有 ④ 。我們要做一個(gè)勇往直前的開拓者,爭得青春無悔。
A.①百折不回 ②寬容 ③空中樓閣 ④百感交集
B.①堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不屈 ②寬容 ③可望不可即 ④喜怒哀樂
C.①百折不回 ②寬恕 ③空中樓閣 ④喜怒哀樂
D.①堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不屈 ②寬恕 ③可望不可即 ④百感交集
。2008年廣西崇左市中考試題)
3.根據(jù)語境,依次填寫詞語最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是 ( )
唐詩宋詞是一座巍巍豐碑。在這里,你能找到“大江東去”的豪放,也能找到“人比黃花瘦”的婉約;能聽到“磨損胸中萬古刀”的憤懣吶喊,也能聽到“楊柳岸,曉風(fēng)殘?jiān)隆钡臏\吟低唱。在這里,有 的報(bào)國志,也有 的故鄉(xiāng)情;有 的江南春景,也有獨(dú)上西樓的凄清秋色……它們共同托起的是中國文學(xué)史上的一座珠穆朗瑪。
A.窗前明月 怒發(fā)沖冠 草長鶯飛
B.怒發(fā)沖冠 窗前明月 草長鶯飛
C.怒發(fā)沖冠 草長鶯飛 窗前明月
D.草長鶯飛 窗前明月 怒發(fā)沖冠
(2008年浙江臺(tái)州市中考試題)
4.依次填入下列橫線處的詞語,恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M是( )
、龠@場(chǎng)精彩的魔術(shù)表演,真是讓人大開眼界、嘆為觀止,其豐富奇妙的變化簡直 。
②有的家長認(rèn)為子女閱讀課外文學(xué)名著、參加社會(huì)活動(dòng)就是 ,這種觀點(diǎn)失之偏頗。
A.不言而喻不學(xué)無術(shù) B.不可思議 不務(wù)正業(yè)
C.不可思議 不學(xué)無術(shù) D.不言而喻 不務(wù)正業(yè)
(2008年廣東廣州市中考試題)
5.下列句子中劃線詞語使用恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是 ( )
A.重慶三面臨江,一面靠山,既有水的柔情,又有山的險(xiǎn)峻,顯現(xiàn)出別具匠心的風(fēng)格。
B.造型獨(dú)特、雄偉壯觀的“鳥巢”,是設(shè)計(jì)師和建筑師們嘔心瀝血的結(jié)果,它已成為我國奧運(yùn)會(huì)場(chǎng)館的標(biāo)志性建筑。
C.地震災(zāi)情發(fā)生后,街頭的流動(dòng)采血車前,等候獻(xiàn)血的群眾排起了長隊(duì),這場(chǎng)面讓人感動(dòng)得頭暈?zāi)垦?/u>。
D.三年時(shí)光匆匆離去,在畢業(yè)晚會(huì)上,同學(xué)們回首往事,懷古傷今,不禁潸然淚下。
。2008年重慶市中考試題)
6.下列句子中劃線的詞語,使用不恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是( )
A.《紅樓夢(mèng)》是一部膾炙人口的長篇小說,深受廣大讀者的喜愛。
B.當(dāng)巨大災(zāi)難來臨時(shí),全國人民總能萬眾一心,眾志成城,共渡難關(guān)。
C.某旅游景點(diǎn)的環(huán)境臟、亂、差到如此地步,簡直令人嘆為觀止。
D.北京奧運(yùn)場(chǎng)館“鳥巢”與“水立方”雖出自不同設(shè)計(jì)師之手,卻有異曲同工之妙。
(2008年江蘇宿遷市中考試題)
7.下列句子中劃線的成語使用不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A.夏天是香格里拉最美的季節(jié),每到此時(shí),游客絡(luò)繹不絕,流連忘返。
B.做學(xué)問是一項(xiàng)艱辛的勞動(dòng),應(yīng)踏踏實(shí)實(shí),不能好高騖遠(yuǎn)。
C.現(xiàn)代社會(huì)競爭激烈,找到一份理想的工作是很多人魂?duì)繅?mèng)縈的事。
D.西雙版納以民俗獨(dú)特、風(fēng)景秀麗、動(dòng)植物種類繁多而聞名遐邇。
(2008年云南省中考試題)
8.下面這段話中,畫線的成語使用不恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是( )
細(xì)節(jié)來自觀察,真知出于實(shí)踐,語感源于積累。唯有深入細(xì)致的觀察、苦心孤詣(A)的實(shí)踐、持之以恒(B)的積累,才能妙筆生花(C),才能用少數(shù)幾個(gè)句子把人物描寫得栩栩如生(D),活靈活現(xiàn)!
。2008年浙江寧波市中考試題)
9.下列各句中,劃線成語使用不恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是( )
A.中華民族從未低頭,冰凍雪災(zāi)更不可怕,因?yàn)槲覀冇胁磺粨稀?u>眾志成城的13億人民。
B.一個(gè)很大很大的困難,除以13億,就會(huì)變得微不足道;一個(gè)很小很小的愛心,乘以13億,就會(huì)聚成愛的海洋。
C.“嫦娥一號(hào)”衛(wèi)星的成功發(fā)射,無疑是為我國航天事業(yè)建立了一座巍峨的海市蜃樓。
D.大家認(rèn)為張湛同學(xué)提出的“爭做奧運(yùn)文明小衛(wèi)士”的倡議很有意義,都異口同聲地表示贊成。
。2008年湖北襄樊市中考試題)
10.選出下列各句中劃線的成語使用不恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)( )
A.我們的祖國山河壯麗,文學(xué)家以膾炙人口的詩句吟詠它,繪畫家以使人迷戀的丹青描繪它,攝影師以令人神往的鏡頭記錄它。
B.今年我國將發(fā)射“神舟七號(hào)”載人飛船,屆時(shí)通過電視直播,地球上的觀眾對(duì)航天員在太空行走的一舉一動(dòng)了如指掌。
C.改革開放30年來,南通解放思想,搶抓機(jī)遇,經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展取得了令人矚目的成就,各項(xiàng)事業(yè)蒸蒸日上,人民生活安居樂業(yè)。
D.“全國億萬學(xué)生陽光體育運(yùn)動(dòng)”實(shí)施以來,各級(jí)各類學(xué)校因地制宜,開展形式多樣的體育活動(dòng),促進(jìn)了學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展。
(2008年江蘇南通市中考試題)
11.對(duì)下列句子中劃線成語使用的錯(cuò)誤,分析不正確的一項(xiàng)是 ( )
A.
三顧茅廬:這個(gè)成語講的是劉備三次到草廬中邀請(qǐng)諸葛亮出山的故事。后用于表示誠心誠意的邀請(qǐng)或拜訪。
分析:
B.在少年隊(duì)比賽中,用青年隊(duì)隊(duì)員參賽,簡直是拔苗助長。
拔苗助長:這個(gè)成語講的是宋人用拔苗的方法讓禾苗長得更快,結(jié)果禾苗都死了的故事。后比喻不顧發(fā)展規(guī)律,強(qiáng)求速成,結(jié)果反將事情弄糟。
分析:“用青年隊(duì)隊(duì)員參賽”這是違反規(guī)定的行為,談不上“不顧發(fā)展規(guī)律”,所以使用有誤。
C.對(duì)這件珍藏多年的文物,博物館要采取亡羊補(bǔ)牢的措施,避免造成損失。
亡羊補(bǔ)牢:這個(gè)成語講的是一個(gè)人丟了羊以后,及時(shí)修補(bǔ)羊圈,從此羊不再丟失的故事。比喻出了差錯(cuò),設(shè)法補(bǔ)救,免得再受損失。
分析:“珍藏多年的文物”并未丟失,不存在“出了差錯(cuò)”,也就不存在“設(shè)法補(bǔ)救”的問題,所以使用有誤。
D.一味地照搬他人經(jīng)驗(yàn),發(fā)展本地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì),無異于守株待兔。
守株待兔:這個(gè)成語講的是農(nóng)夫因偶然撿到觸樹樁而死的兔子,便守在此處,以期再有所獲的故事。后比喻不主動(dòng)地努力,而存萬一的僥幸心理,希望得到意外的收獲。
分析:“一味地照搬他人經(jīng)驗(yàn)”屬于靠突發(fā)奇想而獲得“意外的收獲”,含有“僥幸心理”,所以使用有誤。
。2008年北京市中考試題)
12.填字組詞。
、贌o所 從 ②不言而 ③ 不成聲④孤陋 聞 ⑤堅(jiān)持不 ⑥ 后余生
(2008年貴州遵義市中考試題)
13.請(qǐng)用相應(yīng)的成語替換畫線部分,使語句更簡潔。
白求恩同志對(duì)工作滿腔熱忱,對(duì)技術(shù)好了還追求更好( ),而有的人對(duì)工作眼高手低,看到別的事物就改變?cè)瓉淼闹饕?/u>( 。皇聼o成。
。2008年福建寧德市中考試題)
14.從備選成語中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)囊粋(gè)填在文中橫線上。
多難興邦。當(dāng)風(fēng)雪阻斷歸路,我們彼此相依,一同取暖;當(dāng)圣火遭遇屈辱,我們 (破釜沉舟 義無反顧),捍衛(wèi)尊嚴(yán);當(dāng)?shù)卣鹚毫汛蟮,我們(nèi)f眾一心, (再接再厲眾志成城)。在困難面前,中華兒女用行動(dòng)向世界展示了一個(gè)偉大民族的堅(jiān)韌與不屈。
。2008年山東淄博市中考試題)學(xué)科網(wǎng)
Ⅱ?qū)m?xiàng)模擬訓(xùn)練
1.下列成語中劃線的字解釋完全正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A.明察暗訪(檢查) 奇恥大辱(奇怪)
B.時(shí)不我待(等待) 興高采烈(興致)
C.上行下效(效果) 莫衷一是(對(duì)的)
D.猝不及防(突然) 文從字順(順利)
2.指出下列句子中劃線成語使用恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)( )
A.?dāng)橙吮淮蚺芰,但?zhàn)士們知道,他們不會(huì)甘心,一定會(huì)重整旗鼓的。
B.房租、郵費(fèi)、電話費(fèi)等,每個(gè)月都要近千元,若再開展活動(dòng),開支是左右為難了。
C.我相信他說的話是真實(shí)的,為什么要懷疑別人、杞人憂天呢?
D.對(duì)各種自然災(zāi)害不能麻痹大意,必須未雨綢繆,防患于未然。
3.下列各句中,劃線的成語使用不恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是( )
A.這些年每聽到親友去世的消息,總令我無比傷感,尤其是這回相濡以沫的老伴遠(yuǎn)行,對(duì)于我這個(gè)年已九十且神經(jīng)衰弱的老人,真像天塌了一樣。
B.這位文學(xué)老人被譽(yù)為“農(nóng)民詩人”,他最善于在田間地頭和鍋臺(tái)灶邊捕風(fēng)捉影,從普通百姓的日常小事中發(fā)現(xiàn)勞動(dòng)之樂、生活之趣和人性之美。
C.從我國目前的實(shí)際情況看,“高薪”不一定能收到“養(yǎng)廉”的效果,因?yàn)樨澒傥劾舯緛砭褪?u>欲壑難填,并不是因?yàn)槭杖刖S持不了生計(jì)才搞腐敗的。
D.一項(xiàng)社會(huì)調(diào)查顯示,現(xiàn)在很多中學(xué)生在學(xué)校里見到老師都能親切問好,而見到燒鍋爐的、打掃廁所的和食堂打飯的工人師傅,卻都不屑一顧。
4.下列選項(xiàng)中劃線的熟語使用不恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是( )
A.離投票的日子越來越近了,虛虛實(shí)實(shí),真真假假,凡是有損施瓦辛格形象的陳芝麻爛谷子都被翻出來了。
B.還想讓你老爸保你過關(guān)嗎?老實(shí)告訴你吧,他已是泥菩薩過河――自身難保了,誰也救不了你!
C.不久前,王剛又殺回馬槍,再返中央電視臺(tái)主持節(jié)目,舍“動(dòng)物”而去找“朋友”,又迅速吸引了不少觀眾的眼球。
D.就你攤的那些活兒,我三下五除二就可以把它弄清爽!誰像你,幾天也拿不下來。
5.聯(lián)想猜成語。
如:最難熬的一天――度日如年。
。1)最昂貴的書籍――( 。
(2)最劣質(zhì)的彩電――( 。
。3)最廉潔的清官――( 。
。4)最大型的手術(shù)――( )
。5)最微小的郵筒――( 。
。6)最高大的瀑布――( 。
6.下列廣告詞對(duì)成語進(jìn)行了改動(dòng),請(qǐng)寫出其原型。
(1)消炎藥廣告詞:快治人口( 。
。2)熱水器廣告詞:隨心所。ā )
(3)止咳藥廣告詞:咳不容緩( 。
。4)摩托車廣告詞:騎樂無窮( )
。5)營養(yǎng)液廣告詞:口蜜腹。 。
(6)某眼病治療儀廣告語:一明驚人( 。
(7)某胃藥廣告語:無胃不治( 。
7.將下列句子中使用有誤的成語畫上橫線并改正。
。1)這些人對(duì)個(gè)人利益斤斤計(jì)較,而對(duì)廣大群眾的疾苦卻漫不經(jīng)心。( )
。2)假使我們不修這么多水利工程,遇到這樣嚴(yán)重的水旱災(zāi)害,其后果是不可思議的。( )
。3)作為課題負(fù)責(zé)人,他責(zé)無旁貸地走上了主席臺(tái)。( )
。4)在世界杯足球賽上,南美隊(duì)的高超技藝,歐洲隊(duì)的粗獷、勇猛,非洲隊(duì)的靈巧、迅速,無不表現(xiàn)得爐火純青。( )
8.根據(jù)釋義寫出相應(yīng)的成語。
。1)不允許有什么懷疑。指絕對(duì)真實(shí)可信。( )
。2)并排套著的幾匹馬一齊快跑,比喻彼此的力量或才能不分高下。 ( )
(3)形容女子姿容秀麗,姿態(tài)嬌柔,能打動(dòng)人。( 。
。4)比喻口頭上說是愛好某事物,其實(shí)并不真愛好。( )
9.用成語替代畫線句子,使表達(dá)更加合理。
距離非常的近(
),這是我一生所看到的最為緩慢的笑容,無比脆弱,像一個(gè)帝企鵝的蛋在冰雪布滿了的天空和地面()經(jīng)過長久的孵化,終于探出小小的額頭。然而這微笑又如此強(qiáng)韌,一經(jīng)綻放,它就驚動(dòng)人的魂魄(
)地燦爛起來,攜帶著抵擋不住的芬芳。
10.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)某烧Z填空。
琳瑯滿目 應(yīng)接不暇 目不暇接
匠心獨(dú)運(yùn) 不落窠臼 美不勝收
。1)故宮博物院的珍寶館里,陳列著各種奇珍異寶、古玩文物,令人 。
(2)汽車向神農(nóng)架山區(qū)奔馳,只見奇峰異嶺撲面而來,令人 。
(3)玉器廠展品室里陳列著鳥獸、花卉、人物等各種玉雕展品,神態(tài)各異,栩栩如生,真是 。
。4)貨柜上擺滿了具有傳統(tǒng)特色的珠寶、翡翠、玉雕、字畫,品種齊全,真是 。
。5)這本偵破小說,構(gòu)思新穎, ,值得一看。
。6)電影中有幾處看來是閑筆,實(shí)際上卻是 之處。
11.為下面例句的空缺處選擇適合語境的成語。
。1)我們來到了實(shí)習(xí)工廠,廠領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和工人們對(duì)我們的工作和生活早已做了周密安排,他們對(duì)我們的關(guān)心真是 。
A.無所不至 B.無微不至
。2)許多農(nóng)民巧妙地將服裝廠裁剪后廢棄的“下腳料”做成簾子,當(dāng)作蔬菜大棚的“棉被”,這真是 ,變廢為寶。
A.一念之差 B.獨(dú)具匠心
。3)如果對(duì)中國人民的嚴(yán)正聲明和強(qiáng)烈抗議 ,一意孤行,必將自食其果。
A.置之不理 B.置之度外
12.根據(jù)下面提示寫出課文中出現(xiàn)的成語。
(1)《出師表》前兩個(gè)自然段中有兩個(gè)詞語已經(jīng)成為經(jīng)常使用的成語,它們是( )( )。
(2)《鄒忌諷齊王納諫》中齊王廣開言路納諫,宮中一時(shí)熱鬧起來,文中使用了( )一詞加以形容。
13.寫出描寫山和水的成語各三個(gè)。
。1)描寫山的成語: 、 、 。
。2)描寫水的成語: 、 、 。學(xué)科網(wǎng)
學(xué)科網(wǎng)
2009中考考點(diǎn)梳理四:詞語學(xué)科網(wǎng)
專家解讀考點(diǎn):學(xué)科網(wǎng)
詞語是語言表達(dá)的基礎(chǔ)。一個(gè)人語言能力的高低,往往取決于掌握詞語的多少,掌握的標(biāo)尺是積累、理解和運(yùn)用。課標(biāo)對(duì)詞語教學(xué)的規(guī)定十分明確,教材也以課文為背景通過注釋和課后“讀一讀,寫一寫”作了具體安排。從2008年全國中考試題對(duì)詞語考查的情況來看,主要涉及到下述四個(gè)方面:①正確理解與運(yùn)用課內(nèi)外常見的詞語和新生詞語;②了解詞語的基本義、引申義和比喻義,辨析常見的同義詞、多義詞、反義詞在不同語言環(huán)境中的不同意義;③聯(lián)系上下文理解詞語的意思,體味和推敲重要詞語在具體語言環(huán)境中的意義及表達(dá)效果;④聯(lián)系生活和自己的積累,推想文章中有關(guān)生詞和新詞在語言環(huán)境中的恰當(dāng)意義,辨析詞語的感情色彩和語體色彩?疾榈膬(nèi)容主要是在學(xué)生所學(xué)教材中出現(xiàn)的常用詞語和新詞,試題載體則不限于學(xué)生所學(xué)教材,很大一部分是把所學(xué)詞語移用于生活和時(shí)事中的鮮活材料。
題型分析:2008年全國中考試題中的詞語試題,在題型上主要有:①選擇題:選出所給句子中加點(diǎn)詞語理解不正確或解釋不當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng);選出依次填入句子或語段中的詞語或關(guān)聯(lián)詞語最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng);選出所給句子中加點(diǎn)詞語或關(guān)聯(lián)詞語或熟語使用有誤或不當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)。②簡答題:結(jié)合具體語境解釋指定詞語的意思并用新詞造句。③填空題:從備選詞語中選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語或用序號(hào)按要求填空。
解題策略:詞語試題側(cè)重考查考生積累、理解和運(yùn)用詞語的能力。常用詞語以學(xué)生所學(xué)課文中出現(xiàn)的詞語為準(zhǔn),新生詞語則以當(dāng)前流行的一些熱詞為準(zhǔn),試題材料兼顧課內(nèi)課外,以時(shí)事材料為主。解題時(shí)務(wù)須看清題目要求,抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞,冷靜答題。這里的關(guān)鍵,是要在積累上下工夫,掌握課后“讀一讀,寫一寫”的常用詞語,同時(shí)也要了解當(dāng)下流行的并經(jīng)國家語委認(rèn)可的一些新生詞語。學(xué)科網(wǎng)
典型例題透視:學(xué)科網(wǎng)
例 選出下面語段空白處運(yùn)用詞語最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)( )
擺手舞追憶的是土家族先民創(chuàng)業(yè)的艱辛,緬懷的是祖先的功績,展示的是古往今來的生活場(chǎng)景,涵蘊(yùn)的是人與社會(huì)、人與生活、人與自然的和諧。它使封閉的山寨 了,使沉寂的村落 了,使古老的土地 了,使天涯的距離 了……
A.開明喧嘩 年青 比鄰
B.開通 喧鬧 年少 拉近
C.開放 喧囂 年輕 咫尺
D.開朗 喧嚷 青春 縮短
(2008年湖北恩施州中考試題)
答案:C
透視:這是一道選擇題,正確選項(xiàng)為C。此題主要考查考生積累、理解和運(yùn)用反義詞的能力,題點(diǎn)在運(yùn)用上。試題材料選自課外一篇描寫土家族擺手舞的文章。試題取材于恩施本土文化,三個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)與正確選項(xiàng)的同位詞語又同屬近義詞。解答這道題,考生首先要讀一遍試題材料,點(diǎn)燃對(duì)擺手舞的激情;其次是要熟悉選填詞語所在的語言環(huán)境,明確空白處詞語與該句描寫主體事物的詞語構(gòu)成反義詞;第三是對(duì)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的同位詞語進(jìn)行辨析,明確同位的四個(gè)詞語為近義詞;第四是采用排除法找到正確選項(xiàng)。學(xué)科網(wǎng)
常見失誤分析:學(xué)科網(wǎng)
絕密▲啟用前
2008―2009學(xué)年度
湖北省補(bǔ)習(xí)學(xué)校聯(lián)合體大聯(lián)考
英 語 試 題
命題學(xué)校:沔州中學(xué) 審題學(xué)校:云夢(mèng)補(bǔ)校
考試時(shí)間:
本套試卷共8頁,滿分150分?荚嚂r(shí)間:120分鐘。
★ 祝考試順利 ★
第一部分:聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
第一節(jié)。ü5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A,B,C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍
例:How much is the shirt ?
A.£19.15. B.£9.15. C.£9.18. 答案是B.
1. How much will the man pay for the tickets?
A. £7.5. B. £15. C. £50.
2. Which is the right gate for the man's flight?
A. Gate 16. B. Gate 22. C. Gate 25.
3. How does the man feel about going to school by bike?
A. Happy. B. Tired. C. Worried.
4. When can the woman get the computers?
A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday
5. What does the woman think of the shirt for the party?
A. The size is not large enough. B. The material is not good. C. The color is not suitable.
第二節(jié) (共15小題;每題1.5分,滿分22.5分)
聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。
6. What can we learn about Mr. Brown?
A. He is in his office. B. He is at a meeting. C. He is out for a meal.
7. What will the man probably do next?
A. Call back. B. Come again. C. Leave a message.
聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。
8. What kind of room does the man want to take?
A. A single room. B. A double room. C. A room for three.
9. What does the man need to put in the form?
A. Telephone and student card numbers.
B. Student card number and address.
C. Address and telephone number.
聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。
10. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Fellow clerks. B. Boss and secretary.
C. Customer and salesperson.
11. What does the man like about his job?
A. Living close to the office. B. Chances to go abroad.
C. Nice people to work with.
12. What do we know about the woman?
A. She likes traveling. B. She is new to the company.
C. She works in public relations.
聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。
13. When will the visitors come?
A. In March. B. In April. C. In May.
14. How many visitors are coming?
A. 8. B. 10. C. 12.
15 What will the visitors do on the second day?
A. Go to a party. B. Visit schools. C. Attend a lecture.
16. Where will the visitors go on the final day?
A. To
聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。
17. What is the first word the baby tried to say?
A. Truck. B. Ok. C. Duck.
18. How old was the baby when he learned to say that word correctly?
A. About 18 months. B. About 21 months. C. About 24 months.
19. What did the father do when the baby screamed that word at the airport?
A. He corrected the baby. B. He tried to stop the baby.
C. He hid himself somewhere.
20. Why did the mother pretend not to know the baby?
A. She got angry with the father. B. She was frightened by the noise.
C. She felt uneasy about the noisy baby.
第二部分:英語語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共三節(jié),滿分55分)
第一節(jié):多項(xiàng)選擇(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
21. Tom has missed his _________. So he’ll have to queue up there and wait for the next round.
A. chance B. turn C. line D. time
22. Don’t say so much nonsense. I’m in a hurry, so please come to the ___________.
A. word B. sentence C. matter D. point
23. “One World One Dream’’ fully the universal values of the Olympic spirit―Unity, Friendship,Progress,Harmony, Participation and Dream.
A. raises B. reflects C. understands D. announces
24. Hearing that most of the members voted against her, she __________ a smile.
A. wore B. managed C. performed D. controlled
25. Mr Smith decided that he would drive back instead of __________ for the night at the hotel.
A. putting away B. putting back C. putting out D. putting up
26. --- How are you getting along with your study, Mary?
--- I’m glad to say it is __________.
A. turning up B. taking up C. breaking up D. picking up
27. She told me she wanted to ________________ her two o’clock appointment in order to take care of her sick mother.
A. put down B. call off C. hang up D. take off
28. Tom is my colleague who is very _______________ about having his breakfast at exactly 8 o’clock.
A. popular B. special C. particular D. unusual
29. I didn’t hear you knocking at the door. I must have been sleeping ________________ at that time.
A. soundly B. widely C. deeply D. broadly
30. When they got there, they found the people suffering the storm were _______________ food and water supply.
A. in want of B. in place of C. in view of D. in support of
第二節(jié):完成句子(共10小題; 每小題1.5分, 滿分15分)
閱讀下列各小題, 根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語提示, 用句末括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語單詞完成句子, 并將答案寫在答題卡上的相應(yīng)題號(hào)內(nèi)。
31. With the local villager __________________ (在帶路), the soldiers walked towards the forest. ( lead )
32. _______________(年輕強(qiáng)壯的十個(gè)中國) students are required to take part in the boat race. ( strong )
33.So little ____________________ (他們同意) with each other that the neighbouring countries could not settle their difference. ( agree )
34. ________________________ (我突然想到) that I could send him the materials through QQ. ( occur )
35. What would have happened, if Bob ____________________ (走得更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)) , as far as the river bank? ( walk )
36. Where someone is born and ____________________ (一個(gè)人的相貌是什么樣子) is not as important as what he or she grows up to be. ( what )
37. The play had already been on for quite some time_____________ (我們到達(dá)時(shí)) the New Theatre. ( arrive).
38. It was raining hard when school was over. You ______________________ (一定淋雨了) on your way home yesterday. ( catch )
39. In the past women _______________________ (受歧視) and now things have changed a lot. ( look )
40. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,____________________ (在參觀) a museum when the earthquake struck. ( visit )
第三節(jié):完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
Why did I come today? I wondered. My feet ached almost as much as my head. My Christmas 41 contained several people that claimed they needed nothing but I knew their feelings would be hurt 42 I bought them something, so gift buying was 43 but fun.
Hurriedly, I finished shopping and 44 the long checkout lines. In front of me were a boy of about 5 and a younger girl. She carried a beautiful pair of 45 slippers. When we finally _ 46 the checkout register, the girl 47 placed the shoes on the counter. She treated them as though they were a 48 .
“That will be $ 6.09,” the cashier said. The boy 49 his pockets. He finally came up with $ 3.12. “I guess we will have to put them back,” he bravely said. “We will come back some other time, maybe tomorrow.” With that statement, a soft 50 broke from the little girl. “But 51 would have loved these shoes,” she cried.
“Well, we’ll go home and work some more. Don’t cry. We’ll surely 52 ,” he said. Quickly I handed $ 3.00 to the cashier. These children had waited in line for a long time. And, 53 , it was Christmas. Suddenly a pair of arms came around me and a small voice 54 said, “Thank you, lady.” “What did you 55 when you said Jesus would like the shoes?” I asked. The boy answered, “Our mommy is sick and going to 56 . Daddy said she might go before Christmas to be with Jesus.” The girl spoke, “My Sunday school teacher said the streets in heaven are shiny gold, just like these shoes. Won’t mommy be 57 walking on those streets in these shoes?”
My eyes 58 as I looked into her tear-stained face. “Yes,” I answered, “I am 59 she will.” Silently I thanked God for using these children to 60 me of the true spirit of giving I once was familiar with.
41. A. plan B. list C. goods D. purchases
42. A. unless B. because C. if D. since
43. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
44. A. waited B. joined C. attended D. gathered
45. A. cotton B. leather C. gold D. silver
46. A. approached B. got C. checked D. found
47. A. immediately B. hesitantly C. shyly D. carefully
48. A. gift B. treasure C. life D. prize
49. A. opened B. touched C. reached D. searched
50. A. tear B. sob C. smile D. sigh
51. A. mommy B. daddy C. we D. Jesus
52. A. leave B. come C. return D. arrive
53. A. above all B. at last C. at least D. after all
54. A. gratefully B. sweetly C. gracefully D. kindly
55. A. request B. expect C. mean D. attempt
56. A. hospital B. tomb C. heaven D. sky
57. A. equal B. comfortable C. convenient D. beautiful
58. A. pained B. flooded C. shut D. froze
59. A. sure B. afraid C. glad D. confident
60. A. inform B. warn C. cure D. remind
第三部分:閱讀理解(共20小題;每小題2分,滿分40分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該字母涂黑。
A
When I was a child, our dining room had two kinds of chairs―two large ones with arm rests and four small ones without. The larger ones stood at the ends of the table, the smaller ones on the sides. Mom and Dad sat in the big chairs, except when one of us was away; then Mom would sit in one of the smaller chairs. Dad always sat at the end, at the “head” of the table. Sitting where he did, Dad was framed by the window through which the yard could be seen with its trees and grass. His chair was not just a place for him at the table; it was a place in which he was situated against the yard and trees. It was the holy (神圣的) and protected place that was his, and ours through him.
After Dad retired, he and Mom moved out into a small flat. When they came to visit me at their old house, Dad still sat at the end of the table though the table was no longer his but mine. Only with my marriage to Barbara, did I hear a voice questioning the arrangement. She requested, gently but firmly, that I sit at the head of the table in our home. I realized then that I was head of the family, but I also felt unwilling to introduce such a change. How would I feel sitting in that “head” place in my Dad’s presence? And how would he handle it? I was to find out on the occasion of our youngest child’s first birthday.
Mom and Dad arrived for lunch, and went into the dining room. Dad moved toward his usual seat in front of the window. Before he could get around the side of the table, I took a deep breath and said, “Dad, this is going to be your place, next to Mom, on the side.” He stopped, looked at me and then sat down. I felt sad, and angry at Barbara for pushing me to do this. It would have been easy to say, “My mistake, Dad. Sit where you always sit.” But I didn’t.
When he and Mom were seated, Barbara and I took our places. I don’t know how Dad felt. I do know that, though removed from his usual place, he continued to share his best self with us, telling stories of his childhood and youth to the delight of his grandchildren. As I served the food, our lives experienced a change, which we continue to live with.
It wasn’t easy, but I sense that there is also something good in the change which has occurred. I am beginning to learn that “honoring one’s father” is more than the question of which place to occupy at the dining table. It also means listening, wherever we sit and whatever positions we own, to the stories Dad longs to tell. We may then, during these magical moments, even be able to forget about whose chair is whose.
61. Where did the writer’s mother sit when one of the children was away?
A. She didn’t change her chair. B. She moved her own chair next Dad’s.
C. She moved to an empty chair on the side. D. She sat opposite to Dad.
62. How did the writer feel when he told his father to sit on the side?
A. He didn’t feel bad because his father was going to sit there anyway.
B. He felt happy at having carried out the difficult task.
C. He was thoroughly satisfied with the new seating arrangement.
D. He regretted what he had done and wanted to blame his wife.
63. What happened during the meal after the family had all taken their new seats?
A. The writer’s children removed their grandfather from his usual place.
B. The writer’s father didn’t appear to mind where he sat.
C. The writer’s father shared his favorite dishes with the grandchildren.
D. They became tense and nervous about their future as a family.
64. What did the writer learn about “honoring one’s father”?
A. Fathers always long to tell stories about their early years.
B. Providing the right chair is the only way to honor one’s father.
C. Respect for one’s father doesn’t depend only on where he sits.
D. The family should dine together at the same table as often as possible.
B
We continue our Foreign Student Series on
higher education in the
Dorms come in all sizes. Some have suites. Six or more students may line in one suite. Other dorms have many rooms along a common hallway, usually with two students in each room . Many students say dormitories provide the best chance to get to know other students. Also, dorms generally cost less than apartments or other housing not owned by the school.
Most colleges and universities offer singe-sex dorms, but usually males and females live in the same building. They might live on the same floors and share the same common bathrooms. They may live in the same room only if they are married.
Edward Spencer is the associate vice
president for student affairs at Virginia Tech in
Virginia Tech, for example, had a ban against candles in dorms . But it changed that policy to let students light up candles for religious purposes. The university also has several dorms open all year so foreign students have a place to stay during vacation time.
65 .Why do some students in the
A. Dorms allow students in the
B. Dorms are safer for students to live in most cases.
C. Dorms offer the chance to meet other people and are cheap as well.
D. In most schools students are required to live in the dorms.
66. The second paragraph is mainly about ______.
A. what suites in American schools are like B. what dorms in American schools are like
C. what dorms are owned by schools D. when people get to know each other
67. We can infer from what Edward Spencer says that ______.
A. colleges usually don’t provide a special diet B. housing rules differ from one building to another
C. a ban against candles in dorms is
necessary D. the
68 .What is the passage mainly about ?
A. Places to live in
C. Advantages of dormitories D. Rules of single-sex dorms
C
They once seemed more at home on the bustling streets
of Asia like Delhi, Calcutta and Bangkok but cycle powered rickshaws (人力車) can now be seen taking people
across town in many European cities. Many people believe that rickshaws are a
good way of experiencing a city, close-up, while also cutting down on traffic
jams and pollution. In
“It is completely environmentally friendly; we have new models with an engine to help the driver up the hills but they use renewable energy.” said a spokesman for VELOTAXI, the leading rickshaw company which has carried a quarter of a million people this year.
While the city still has 7,000 motor-taxis, rickshaw
company officials say their taxis’ green ethics, speed and safety make them
more than just a tourist attraction. While now increasingly out of fashion in
“It’s better than a taxi, better than a bus, better
than the train,” said ULF Lehman, 36, as he leapt out of a rickshaw near the
world famous
“ This is something out of the ordinary you feel you are on holiday in Bangkok instead of Berlin,” said another traveler.
In
Although increasingly popular in Europe, it is the
opposite in
Nearly 500 bike-rickshaws are running in
69. Where are rickshaws becoming more popular?
A.
C.
70. Why are rickshaws no longer as widely used in
A. They are a reminder of a bad period in
B. They have been banned because they are too cruel.
C. The streets of
D. Indians now prefer to travel by car because they are richer.
71. What does the underlined
sentence "This is something out of the ordinary you feel you are on
holiday in
A. The passenger didn't like taking a rickshaw as it
reminded him of
B. The passenger enjoyed being on holiday in
C. The passenger was impressed when taking a rickshaw and considered it unusual.
D. The passenger disapproved of rickshaws because
they were not original to
72. What is the author's attitude towards rickshaws?
A. He gives no personal opinion. B. He believes they will be of no use.
C. He thinks they will reduce pollution. D. He thinks they are old-fashioned.
D
Reading poems is not exactly an everyday activity for most people.In fact, many people never read a poem once they get out of high school.
It is worth reminding ourselves that this has not always been the case in America.In the nineteenth century, a usual American activity was to sit around the fireside in the evening and read poems aloud.It is true that there was no television at the time, nor movie theaters, nor World Wide Web, to provide diversion.However, poems were a source of pleasure, of self-education, of connection to other people or to the world beyond one’s own community.Reading them was a social act as well as an individual one, and perhaps even more social than individual.Writing poems to share with friends and relations was, like reading poems by the fireside, another way in which poetry has a place in everyday life.
How did things change? Why are most Americans no longer comfortable with poetry, and why do most people today think that a poem has nothing to tell them and that they can do well without poems?
There are, I believe, three culprits(肇事者):poets, teachers, and we ourselves.Of these, the least important is the third: the world surrounding the poem has betrayed us more than we have betrayed the poem.Early in the twentieth century, poetry in English headed into directions unfavorable to the reading of poetry.Readers decided that poems were not for the fireside or the easy chair at night, and that they belonged where other difficult-to-read things belonged.
Poets failed the reader, so did teachers.They want their students to know something about the skills of a poem, they want their students to see that poems mean something. Yet what usually occurs when teachers push these concerns on their high school students is that young people decide poems are unpleasant crossword puzzles.
73. Reading poems is thought to be a social act in the nineteenth century because .
A. it built a link among people B. it helped unite a community
C. it was a source of self-education D. it was a source of pleasure
74. The underlined word “diversion”(in Para2) most probably means “ ”.
A. concentration B. change C. amusements D. stories
75. According to the passage, what is the main cause of the great gap between readers and poetry?
A. Students are becoming less interested in poetry.
B. Students are poorly educated in high school.
C. TV and the Internet are more attractive than poetry.
D. Poems have become difficult to understand.
76. In the last paragraph, the writer questions .
A. the difficulty in studying poems B. the way poems are taught in school
C. students’ wrong ideas about poetry D. the techniques used in writing poem
E
It was 3:
The newly-passed law has left doctors as well as citizens trying to deal with its different meanings. Some have shown satisfaction, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly fought against the law. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia ― where an aging population, life-extending (延長生命) technology and changing society attitudes have all played their part ― other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia (安樂死). In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes (多米諾骨牌) to start falling.
Under the new
Northern Territory law, an adult patient can require death ― probably by a deadly injection or pill ― to end suffering. The patient must be
diagnosed as incurably ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of
seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of requirement. After 48 hours
the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson,
a 54-year-old
77. From the second paragraph we learn that ________.
A. the disagreement of euthanasia is slow to come in other countries
B. doctors and citizens share the same view on euthanasia
C. changing technology is mainly responsible for pass of the law
D. it takes time to realize the importance of the law’s passage
78. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________.
A. observers are against euthanasia
B.
similar laws are likely to be passed in the
C. observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes
D. the passed bill may finally come to a stop
79. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________.
A. choose euthanasia and die peacefully
B. experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient
C. have a strong fear of terrible suffering
D. have a cooling off period of seven days
80. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.
A. disagreement B. doubt C. agreement D. cold
第四部分:書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)
每年的
要點(diǎn)提示:
1. 吸毒有害健康:有可能導(dǎo)致心臟病、高血壓等;
2. 吸毒極易成癮,且戒毒很難;
3. 吸毒耗資巨大,吸毒者為了獲取毒資,有可能犯罪;
4. 如果發(fā)現(xiàn)周圍有人吸毒,你應(yīng)該報(bào)警;遠(yuǎn)離吸毒者,不與之交往。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù):100詞左右。倡議書的開頭、結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
2. 生詞提示:International Day Against Drug Abuse 國際禁毒日; commit a crime 犯罪
A Letter to High School Students
Dear friends,
Dear friends, let’s start fighting against drugs now and say yes to life and no to drugs.
2008―2009學(xué)年度
湖北省補(bǔ)習(xí)學(xué)校聯(lián)合體大聯(lián)考
09年最有可能考的熱點(diǎn)試題大集結(jié)
(一)擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需
擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需的基本內(nèi)容
內(nèi)需,即內(nèi)部需求,包括投資需求和消費(fèi)需求兩個(gè)方面。擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需,就是要通過發(fā)行國債等積極財(cái)政貨幣政策,啟動(dòng)投資市場(chǎng),通過信貸等經(jīng)濟(jì)杠桿,啟動(dòng)消費(fèi)市場(chǎng),以拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。
1.世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化程度加深,國際市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加劇,外貿(mào)出口難度加大;
2.由我國國情決定,我國地域遼闊,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡,人民生活由溫飽向小康過渡,無論是市場(chǎng)容量還是未來發(fā)展,潛力都十分巨大;
3.工業(yè)化,城市化,現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程加快,經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整升級(jí),國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的需求進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。
所以,對(duì)我國這樣一個(gè)發(fā)展中大國來說,拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的最主要力量仍然是國內(nèi)需求,這是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
1.有效需求不足,沒有供不應(yīng)求的商品。
2.農(nóng)民購買力低。
3.傳統(tǒng)的消費(fèi)觀念亟待更新。
4.社會(huì)保障體系還不夠完善。
(一)農(nóng)民收入增長緩慢,農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)啟動(dòng)乏力。1998年-2001年農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)銷售年平均增長8.3%,增速低于同期城市銷售增長1個(gè)百分點(diǎn),較多的農(nóng)村人口與較低的農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)銷售份額極不相稱。到2001年底,我國鄉(xiāng)村人口占全部人口的比重高達(dá)62.3%,而農(nóng)村零售額僅占全部零售額的25。2%,即占全部人口近2/3的農(nóng)村人口所購買的商品僅占全部商品零售額的1/4。
(二)城市下崗失業(yè)人數(shù)增多,困難群體范圍擴(kuò)大。困難群體已由傳統(tǒng)的“三無人員”(無生活來源、無勞動(dòng)能力、無法定撫養(yǎng)人)擴(kuò)大到包括國有企業(yè)下崗職工、失業(yè)人員、困難企業(yè)職工等在內(nèi)的一個(gè)比較大的群體。“三無人員”占低保對(duì)象總數(shù)的比例,1997年為56%,2001年僅為9%,而國有企業(yè)下崗職工、失業(yè)人員和困難企業(yè)職工占低保對(duì)象總數(shù)的比例上升到91%。
(三)居民預(yù)期收入不理想,預(yù)期支出明顯增大。近年來,隨著住房、教育、醫(yī)療等各項(xiàng)改革的全面推進(jìn),居民對(duì)未來支出的預(yù)期明顯增加。盡管現(xiàn)行社會(huì)保障體系已形成基本框架,但還很不完善;攫B(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、城市居民最低生活保障都程度不同地存在著保障水平偏低、覆蓋范圍有限、資金短缺等方面的問題。
(四)投資對(duì)國債的依賴性增強(qiáng),民間投資增長比較緩慢。近幾年來,在國家積極財(cái)政政策的作用下,投資呈現(xiàn)加快增長趨勢(shì),總體上對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的帶動(dòng)作用有所增強(qiáng),但投資的加快增長主要是增加國債及相關(guān)配套投資作用的結(jié)果。1998年―2001年國有及其他經(jīng)濟(jì)類型投資占全社會(huì)固定資產(chǎn)投資的比重為71.5%,比上世紀(jì)80年代高6.2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。2001年城鄉(xiāng)集體、個(gè)體投資同比增長10.4%,增幅低于同期國有及其他單位投資2.4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。2002年上半年城鄉(xiāng)集體、個(gè)體投資同比增長17.8%,呈現(xiàn)回升的勢(shì)頭,但仍比國有單位及其他投資增速低6.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
(五)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序比較混亂,交易成本明顯加大。結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾和體制性障礙是以上問題存在的根本癥結(jié)。城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的不平衡、農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)較重,制約了農(nóng)民收入的增長;產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,就業(yè)機(jī)制不暢,擴(kuò)大了困難群體;社會(huì)保障體制不完善,收入分配差距擴(kuò)大,影響著居民消費(fèi)的增長;投資領(lǐng)域的限制,融資渠道的不暢,限制了民間投資的增長;地方保護(hù)主義,懲罰監(jiān)管不嚴(yán),助長或加劇了市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的混亂等。
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