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湖北省百所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2009 屆高三聯(lián)合考試

物理試卷


考生注意:
1.本試卷分第Ⅰ 卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分,共100分?荚嚂r(shí)間90分鐘。

2.請(qǐng)將各卷答案填在答題卡上。
3.本試卷主要考試內(nèi)容:高中物理第一~六章。


第Ⅰ 卷(選擇題共40 分)

試題詳情

湖北省百所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)

2009 屆 高 三 聯(lián) 合 考 試

數(shù)學(xué)試題(理科)

 

考生注意:

1.本試卷共150分,考試時(shí)間120分鐘。

2.請(qǐng)將各題答案填在試卷后面的答題卷上。

3.本試卷主要考試內(nèi)容:集合與簡易邏輯、函數(shù)、數(shù)列(約占70%),排列、組合、二項(xiàng)式定理、概率、以及選修II的概率與統(tǒng)計(jì)、極限、數(shù)學(xué)歸納法、導(dǎo)數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)(約占30%)。

試題詳情

湖北省百所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2009 屆 高 三 聯(lián) 合 考 試

英 語 試 題

注意事項(xiàng):

1. 本試卷共150分?荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘。

2. 請(qǐng)將各卷答案填在答題卡上。

3. 本試卷主要考試內(nèi)容,高一 ― 高三 Unit 10

第一部分:聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)

第一節(jié) (共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1. What will probably happen to the woman?

       A. Miss her flight.                B. Catch her flight.               C. Cancel her flight.

2. Where is the dialogue taking place?

       A. In the classroom.             B. In front of a computer      C. At the doctor’s.

3. What do we know from the conversation?

       A. Joe Smith has been ill.

       B. Joe’s wife is going to New York.

       C. The man met Joe Smith on the street yesterday.

4. Who wants to borrow the camera?

       A. John.                              B. Alice.                              C. Jane.

5. When will the meeting be held?

       A. At 2 pm tomorrow.          B. At 3 pm today.                 C. At 3 pm tomorrow.

第二節(jié) (共15小題;每題1.5分,滿分22.5分)

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A,B,C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。

6. Who is probably the man?

       A. A guide.                          B. A houseman.                    C. A police officer.

7. What happened to the woman?

       A. Her leg was broken.         B. Her money was stolen.      C. Her briefcase was gone.

聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題。

8. What is the woman going to buy?

       A. Some beautiful fish.         B. A small bottle.                 C. A few rocks.

9. What does the man advise the woman to do?

       A. Keep the fish in a bottle.

       B. Get a tank to keep the fish.

       C. Make some holes in the rocks.

10. Why should a few rocks be put into the tank?

       A. To let the fish swim around.

       B. To make the tank prettier.

       C. To keep the water clean.

聽第8段材料,回答第11―13題。

11. Why does the woman want to leave her former job?

       A. She doesn’t like full-time jobs.

       B. She needs more time for study.

       C. She is not satisfied with the pay.

12. When is help needed in the restaurant?

       A. Only on weekdays.           B. Only at weekends.            C. Late in the week.

13. What is the result of the conversation?

       A. The woman got the job.

       B. The woman didn’t get the job.

       C. The man asked the woman to wait for his call.

聽第9段材料,回答第14至17題。

14. What blouse does the woman want first?

       A. A blue cotton one.            B. A blue silk one.                C. A cream silk one.

15. Why doesn’t the woman take the blouse first mentioned?

       A. The size is not suitable.

       B. It’s sold out.

       C. It’s not of good quality.

16. What does the woman think of the cream silk blouse recommended?

       A. She thinks it’s pretty and not expensive.

       B. She thinks it’s pretty but expensive.

       C. She thinks it’s expensive and not pretty.

17. How much should the woman pay for the air tickets?

       A. £45.                             B. £90.                             C. £450.

聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。

18. How long should food be left before a dog?

       A. Until it eats the food.

       B. Not more than thirty minutes.

       C. More than thirty minutes.

19. What kind of dog needs to run for exercise?

       A. A young one.                   B. A small one.                    C. A big one.

20. Which point was NOT mentioned as important for good care of a dog?

       A. Going to the clinic.          B. A clean environment.        C. Proper feeding.

第二部分:英語語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共三節(jié), 滿分55分)

第一節(jié):單項(xiàng)填空(共10小題,每小題1分,滿分10分)

從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

21. ―Jack, what do you think of the event which not only promoted        of world hunger, but raised a lot of money to help these poor children?

―That’s great.

       A. contribution          B. direction               C. awareness             D. loneliness

22. At first           it looked like a simple accident, but later the police became doubtful.

       A. sight                    B. view                     C. look                     D. glimpse

    82615205

           A. covers                  B. writes                   C. prints                   D. reads

    24. If your race car isn’t insured, you may       losing everything when it hits something solid.

           A. delay                    B. deny                     C. avoid                    D. risk

    25. The coach asked his staff to           the large group of journalists waiting for him to announce his training plans.

           A. adapt to                B. attend to               C. refer to                 D. appeal to

    26. London, the city that will host the 2012 Summer Games,           an eight-minute show featuring football star David Beckham.

           A. rely on                 B. put on                  C. concentrate on       D. feed on

    27. Some miners were trapped when the local mine was flooded, but luckily, 400 kilograms of milk

               to them during the rescue.

           A. got through           B. brought down        C. gave away             D. gave out

    28. Credit cards give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, and even abroad, and they make many banking services           as well.

           A. sustainable            B. available               C. reliable                 D. valuable

    29. Although the country has had political independence for over a century,           it needs the support of its neighbors.

           A. naturally               B. economically         C. especially              D. luckily

    30. The superstar can be very sad           , though in public he is extremely cheerful.

           A. by chance             B. in person              C. in private              D. as individual

    第二節(jié) 完成句子(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)

    閱讀下列各小題,根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語提示,用句末括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語單詞完成句子。

    31. ―Tom, your hair is too long. Go to the barber’s and          (把頭發(fā)剪短).(cut)

    ―OK, Mum. I’ll do it after school.

    32. Never          (他到過)any other city in China except Beijing. (be)

    33.           (最著名的兩所大學(xué))in Britain are Oxford University and Cambridge University.(famous)

    34. How I wish          (我沒有浪費(fèi))so much time playing computer games when I should have studied. (waste)

    35. The factory          (他曾經(jīng)工作過的)is in danger of closing down because of poor management. (work)

    36. I hate being away from my parents, so I can’t decide          (是否要去日本工作).(whether)

    37. Road accidents have become much fewer in the past few years. The government must

              (采取了有效措施).(take)

    38. To avoid          (燙傷), you have to be careful enough when you are cooking. (burn)

    39. I can hardly fall asleep because of the loud noise outside. A new shopping center       (正在建設(shè))nearby. (build)

    40. The student wasn’t paying attention in class,          (眼睛盯著)the tree in front of the classroom. (fix)

    第二節(jié) 完型填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)

    閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從41―60各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

    An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75,000 lives,   41  130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes.  42  overnight, scores of tent villages went up across the   43  with the help of international aid   44  , military personnel(人員)and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set  45  .

    Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the  46  of spring, the survivors will be moved again. Camps that  47  health care, food and shelter for 150,000 survivors have begun to close as they were   48  intended to be permanent.

    For most of the survivors, the thought of going back brings  49  emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of   50  many as 10 people have had to shelter in a single   51  and share cook stoves and bathing  52  with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are   53  of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their fields and start   54  again.” But most will be returning to   55  but piles of ruins. In many villages, electrical  56  have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers   57  that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake  58  away. And for the thousands of survivors, the   59  will never be complete.

    Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can  be   60  from the stones, bricks and beams(梁)of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to start again.

    41. A. injured                   B. ruined                  C. destroyed              D. damaged

    42. A. Altogether              B. Almost                 C. Scarcely               D. Surely

    43. A. position                  B. construction          C. location                D. region

    44. A. ranks                     B. equipment             C. organizations         D. arms

    45. A. out                        B. in                         C. up                        D. off

    46. A. falling                    B. leaving                 C. coming                 D. appearing

    47. A. strengthened           B. aided                    C. transferred            D. provided

    48. A. never                     B. once                     C. ever                     D. yet

    49. A. puzzled                  B. disappointed          C. doubled                D. mixed

    50. A. like                        B. as                         C. so                        D. too

    51. A.     room                 B. bed                      C. tent                      D. umbrella

    52. A. facilities                 B. instruments           C. tools                     D. furniture

    53. A. seeking                  B. dreaming              C. longing                 D. searching

    54. A. producing               B. harvesting             C. farming                D. living

    55. A. anything                 B. something             C. everything            D. nothing

    56. A. lines                      B. channels               C. paths                    D. currents

    57. A. account                  B. measure                C. think                    D. guarantee

    58. A. went                      B. took                     C. gave                     D. put

    59. A. reform                   B. recreation             C. replacement          D. recovery

    60. A. built                      B. pulled                   C. surrounded            D. removed

    第三部分:閱讀理解(共20小題,每題2分,滿分40分)

    閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

    A

    A federal judge sentenced Bruce Jones to 12 years in federal prison for fraud(詐騙罪). Over a 10-year period, Jones had managed to cheat thousands of people throughout the state out of almost $10 million.

    He advertised his fantastic ideas on TV. “For some reason,” Jones said, “TV seems to break the ice. Even though you are a total stranger to the viewer, once he sees you on TV in his home, he feels like he knows you. You enter his living room and become a trusted friend.”

    Jones had an imagination that wouldn’t quit. One time he showed viewers an “official government” earthquake report which “proved” that the western half of California would collapse into the sea within three years. For $100, he said, Jones would insure(承保) your house and property for full value. Thousands of people who saw that TV ad sent him a hundred dollars each.

    In another TV ad, Jones claimed that he had come to an agreement with the federal and state government for exclusive(獨(dú)享的)air rights. He told viewers that, for only $100, they could own the first 10 miles above all their property. You would be able to charge any commercial plane that flew over your property $100 per crossing. You would also be able to charge government rockets, satellites, space shuttles, and space stations $100 for each and every violation of your air rights.

    Another time, Jones claimed to have invented a product that gets rid of calories. He showed the viewers a spray can of “NoCal.” He said that by simply spraying NoCal on your food, a chemical interaction would cause all the calories in the food to simply disappear within about 10 seconds. The NoCal was only $10 a can. As usual, Jones received thousands of checks in the mail.

    The judge told Jones that he should be ashamed of himself. Jones responded that he was very ashamed of himself, and that when he got out of prison he hoped to become a TV adviser to help people avoid getting cheated. He told the judge that he was already developing an instructional CD that, for merely $100, would save people thousands of dollars in scams(騙局). The judge nodded, and then changed Jones’ sentence from 10 years to 12 years.

    61. According to Jones, he could successfully cheat many people mainly because          .

           A. he promised them a large profit

           B. they were too eager to make money

           C. they believed too much in TV ads

           D. he was skillful in communicating with people

    62. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

           A. Jones showed unusual imagination in his tricks.

           B. Jones was closely related to the state government.

           C. Western California was in danger of going under the sea.

           D. Jones felt guilty and was determined to lead a new life.

    63. We can infer that people who wanted to buy “NoCal” from Jones          .

          A. were mainly from low income families

           B. all had a rich knowledge of chemistry

           C. were probably interested in losing weight

           D. usually did the shopping through the Internet

    64. The judge changed the sentence at last because          .

           A. Jones was planning another big scam

           B. he could hardly believe what Jones had told him

           C. Jones had cheated more people than he expected

           D. he had suffered from Jones’ scams himself

    B

    Icebergs are among nature’s most impressive creations, and yet most people have never seen one. They come into being somewhere in faraway, freezing waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence(漩渦), which in most cases no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly melt away just as unnoticed.

      They have been called objects of complete beauty. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green or purple, in light colors or in dark colors. They are graceful, stately, inspiring-in calm, sunlit seas.

    But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are-in the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of their main part is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, stirring the waters around them.

    Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. Icebergs floating today are made of snows that have fallen over long ages of time. They include snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in Polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries.

    As each year’s snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers pressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice.

    65. The underlined word “dazzlingly” in Paragraph 2  probably means “           ”.

           A. brilliantly             B. abundantly            C. beautifully            D. approximately

    66. The author states that icebergs are rarely seen because they are           .

           A. broken by waves soon after they are found

           B. hidden under the mountains

           C. located in remote regions of the world

           D. surrounded by fog

    67. The underlined phrase “from above” in the last paragraph refers to “           ”.

           A. sunlit seas B. polar regions C. weight of mountains D. layers of ice and snow

    68. According to the passage, icebergs are dangerous because they           .

           A. usually melt quickly B. can turn over suddenly

           C. may create large snowdrifts D. may float and hit the ships suddenly

    C

    me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I’d be sitting at their table, waiting to be served.

    Once I graduated, I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked .

    I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me.

    My job title made people treat me politely. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry.

    It’s no secret that there’s a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to satisfy to others’ needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant.

    I’m now applying to graduated school, which means someday I’ll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want, I think I’ll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.

    69. The author was disappointed to find that ____   ___.

    A. one’s position is used as a standard to measure one’s intelligence

    B. talented people like her should fail to get a respectable job

    C. one’s occupation affects the way one is treated as a person

    D. professionals tend to look down upon manual waitresses

    70. What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?

    A. Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.

    B. People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded.

    C. Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances.

    D. Some customers like to complain because of the waitress’ poor service.

    71. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?

    A. She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professional.

    B. She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon.

    C. She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her.

    D. She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior.

    72. The underlined sentence “many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant” in Paragraph 7 means “           ”.

    A. those who satisfy others’ needs are sure to be looked down upon.

    B. those working in the service industry shouldn’t be treated as servants.

    C. those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living.

    D. the majority of customers tend to look on a servant as server nowadays.

    D

    WASHINGTON(Reuters)-Vast areas of US Pacific Ocean waters could be protected as marine protected areas or monuments, the White House said on Monday, drawing praise from environmental groups.

    President George W. Bush started the process by directing the US secretaries of the Interior. Defense and Commerce departments to judge whether certain locations in the Pacific should be designated(指定)as marine protected areas, White House spokesman Tony Fratto said. The areas being considered for protection in the new plan are a group of islands and atolls(環(huán)狀珊瑚島)in the remote central Pacific, including the Rose Atoll near American Samoa, and some of the waters around the Northern Mariana Islands in the western Pacific.

    The action comes a month after Bush in a symbolic action put an end to a White House ban on offshore drilling closer to home as gas prices rose. Environmental groups said expanded offshore drilling, which would still require congressional approval, would not cut gas costs and could hurt wildlife. Bush established a national monument in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands in 2006, creating the largest marine protected area in the world. Monday’s announcement starts a process that could result in more such protected ocean areas by the end of Bush’s presidency(總統(tǒng)任期)in January.

    Joshua Reichert of the Pew Environment Group called the announcement “a hopeful sign for ocean conservation” but said designation as a marine protected area or monument could still permit commercial fishing and deep sea mining.

    “However, if the president establishes these new sites as protected areas, where no destructive activity is allowed, it would be one of the most significant environmental achievements of any US president,” Reicehrt said in a statement.

    73. What’s the right order of the events according to the passage?

    a. Bush ended a White House ban on offshore drilling.

    b. Bush set up a national monument in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands.

    c. Bush started a process to protect the vast areas of US Pacific Ocean.

    d. Bush started his presidency.

           A. d, a, b, c               B. d, b, a, c               C. b, a, c, d               D. a, b, c, d

    74. Environmental groups’ attitude toward expanded offshore drilling can be described as “     ”.

           A. negative               B. positive                C. agreeable              D. optimistic

    75. It can be inferred from the passage that           .

           A. the areas for protection were considered one month ago

           B. Bush will be the first US president to gain the most significant environmental achievements

           C. Monday’s announcement still requires congressional approval

           D. environmental groups are satisfied with Monday’s announcement

    76. From the passage we can know that Joshua Reichert            .

           A. didn’t agree with the announcement

           B. hoped to permit commercial fishing

           C. didn’t trust the announcement at all

           D. still worried about some destructive activities

    E

    Can computer reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately, errors frequently occur. Now, or at least soon, computers will be able to do logical reasoning in a variety of areas without making errors. The key to avoiding errors is to use a computer program that relies on the recent research in this field. AURA(Automated Reasoning Assistant) is the program that is the best example of this use of the computer.

    AURA solves a program by drawing conclusions from a given set of facts about the problem. The program reaches logical conclusions perfectly as it uses various types of reasoning and solves almost all problems by using advanced techniques to find a contradiction(矛盾).

    One generally starts with a set of assumptions and adds a statement that the goal is unreachable. For example, if the problem is to test a safety system that automatically(自動(dòng)地) shuts down a nuclear reactor when instruments indicate a problem, AURA is told that the system will not shut the reactor down under those circumstances. If AURA finds a contradiction between the statement and the system’s design assumptions, then this aspect of the reactor’s design has been proved satisfactory. This strategy lets AURA concentrate on the problem at hand and avoid many fruitless steps.

    The chief use for AURA at this time is for electronic circuit(電路)design check, but a number of other uses will arise. For example, there already exist “expert systems” that are special purpose programs designed to automate reasoning in a specific area such as medical diagnosis. These expert systems continue to improve and have an endless life. Moreover, they can be reproduced just for pennies. A human who can expertly predict where to drill for oil is in great demand. A program that can predict equally well would be invaluable and could be reproduced any number of times.

    Will the computer replace the human being? It seems likely that computer programs will reproduce more clever programs, such programs will assist, rather than replace, humans. Reasoning assistants will enable human minds to turn to deeper and far more complex ideas, which will be partially prepared and then checked for reasoning flaws by a reasoning program. Many errors will be avoided.

    77. The way AURA works is to            .

    A. explore the faults in designing.              

    B. discover the viruses in a program.

    C. find out what is against the set programs 

    D. predict by reasoning.

    78. All of the following are mentioned as areas for the use of AURA EXCEPT            .

    A. electronic engineering.                          B. search for oil

    C. identification of diseases.                       D. mental logic

    79. All of the following are advantages of expert programs EXCEPT           .

    A. they can be reproduced endlessly            B. they are featured by self analysis.

    C. they may be enriched in contents.           D. they are reproduced almost free.

    80. What’s the best title for the passage?

    A. Practical Uses of computers.                  B. Suggested applications for AURA.

    C. The technical perfection of AURA.         D.  Computer aid to human reasoning.

    第四部分:書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)

    假設(shè)你叫李華,是一名高三學(xué)生。你的英國朋友Tom因?yàn)楣ぷ髅]有看奧運(yùn)比賽,所以發(fā)e-mail向你了解劉翔因腳傷退賽的相關(guān)信息。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn),用英文給Tom回一封電子郵件。

    要點(diǎn):

    1. 2008年8月18日劉翔因腳傷退賽;

    2. 你深感惋惜;

    3. 表示將繼續(xù)支持劉翔;

    4. 祝愿劉翔早日傷愈,重返賽場。

    注意:

    1. 詞數(shù)100左右;

    2. 電子郵件的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好(不計(jì)你所寫詞數(shù))。

    Dear Tom,

    You said in your e-mail that you didn’t watch the Olympic Games because of your busy work and wanted to know something about Liu Xiang’s quitting the men’s 110-meter hurdles…

                                                                                      

    Sincerely yours,

    Li Hua

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    試題詳情

                                                             

    湖北省百所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)

    2009 屆 高 三 聯(lián) 合 考 試

    生 物 試 題

    考生注意:

           1.本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分,共100分。考試時(shí)間90分鐘。

           2.請(qǐng)將各卷答案填在答題卡上。

           3.本試卷主要考試內(nèi)容:必修第一冊(cè)緒論至第二章結(jié)束(60%),選修第一章至第五章(40%)。

     

    第Ⅰ卷(選擇題  共50分)

     

    試題詳情

    湖北省百所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)

    2009 屆 高 三 聯(lián) 合 考 試

    化 學(xué) 試 題

    考生注意:

    1.本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分,共100分?荚嚂r(shí)間90分鐘。

    2.可能用到的相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量:H  1   C 12  N 14  O 16  F  19 Na  23  Mg  24 

    A1  27 S 32  C1 35.5  Cr  52   Ag  108   Ba  137

    第Ⅰ卷(選擇題  共45分)

    試題詳情

    QQ截圖未命名祁東鼎興補(bǔ)習(xí)學(xué)校物理模擬試題2009.05.04

    試題詳情

    2008年高考化學(xué)試題分類解析

    化學(xué)計(jì)算

    1.(08海南卷)在兩個(gè)密閉容器中,分別充有質(zhì)量相同的甲、乙兩種氣體,若兩容器的溫度和壓強(qiáng)均相同,且甲的密度大于乙的密度,則下列說法正確的是(   )

    A.甲的分子數(shù)比乙的分子數(shù)多

    B.甲的物質(zhì)的量比乙的物質(zhì)的量少

    C.甲的摩爾體積比乙的摩爾體積小

    D.甲的相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量比乙的相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量小

    解析:根據(jù)阿伏加德羅定律可知同溫同壓下氣體的密度之比等于摩爾質(zhì)量之比,即=,由于>1,所以M(甲)>M(乙);由于它們的質(zhì)量相等,所以甲的物質(zhì)的量比乙的物質(zhì)的量少,甲的分子數(shù)比乙少;由于它們的外界條件相同,所以它們的摩爾體積相同。

    答案:B。

    2.(08廣東卷)能表示阿伏加德羅常數(shù)數(shù)值的是(   )

    A.1mol金屬鈉含有的電子數(shù)

    B.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下22.4L苯所含的分子數(shù)

    C.0.012kg12C所含的原子數(shù)

    D.1L1mol?L1的硫酸溶液所含的H數(shù)

    解析:選項(xiàng)A中1molNa含有的電子數(shù)為23NA;選項(xiàng)B中苯在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下為液體,不能用n=V/22.4來計(jì)算苯的物質(zhì)的量;選項(xiàng)C中0012kg為1mol,所含的原子數(shù)就是一個(gè)阿伏加德羅常數(shù);選項(xiàng)D中由于H2SO4為強(qiáng)電解質(zhì),所以溶液中的H的物質(zhì)的量為2mol,即H數(shù)為2NA。

    答案:C 

    3.(08海南卷)設(shè)NA為阿伏加德羅常數(shù),下列說法正確的是(   )

    A.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下,5.6L四氯化碳含有的分子數(shù)為0.25NA

    B.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下,14g氮?dú)夂械暮送怆娮訑?shù)為5NA

    C.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下,22.4L任意比的氫氣和氯氣的混合氣體中含有的分子總數(shù)均為NA

    D.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下,鋁跟氫氧化鈉溶液反應(yīng)生成1mol氫氣時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)為NA

    解析:選項(xiàng)A中CCl4在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下為液體,所以其物質(zhì)的量時(shí)不能用n=V/22.4計(jì)算,選項(xiàng)B中n(N2)=0.5mol,1molN2中含有14mol電子,所以0.5molN2含有7NA;選項(xiàng)C中在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下,22.4L的氣體為1mol,不管是混合氣體還是純凈的氣體,所含的分子數(shù)均為NA;選項(xiàng)D中生成1molH2,轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)必定為2NA。

    答案:C。

    4.(08上海卷)在一定的條件下,完全分解下列某化合物2g,產(chǎn)生氧氣1.6g,此化合物是(    )

    解析:此題主要考查摩爾質(zhì)量。選項(xiàng)A中m(16  O2)=×16g?mol11.78g;選項(xiàng)B中m(16O2)=×16g?mol11.6g;選項(xiàng)中m(18O2)=×18g?mol11.8g;選項(xiàng)中m(18O2)=2g/22g?mol-1×18g?mol11.64g。

    答案:B  

    5.(08四川卷)下列說法不正確的是(   )

    A.1mol氧氣含有12.04×1023個(gè)氧原子,在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下占有體積22.4L

    B.1mol臭氧和1.5mol氧氣含有相同的氧原子數(shù)

    C.等體積、濃度均為1mol/L的磷酸和鹽酸,電離出來的氫離子數(shù)之比為3∶1

    D.等物質(zhì)的量的干冰和葡萄糖中所含碳原子數(shù)之比為1∶6,氧原子數(shù)之比為1∶3

    解析:選項(xiàng)C中H3PO4為中強(qiáng)酸,只能部分電離,而鹽酸為強(qiáng)酸,完全電離,所以兩種溶液中的H數(shù)之比

    小于3∶1。

    答案:C。

    6.(08上海卷)設(shè)NA為阿伏加德羅常數(shù),下列說法正確的是(   )

    A.23gNa在氧氣中完全燃燒失電子數(shù)為0.5NA

    B.1L2mol?L-1的MgCl2溶液中含Mg2數(shù)為2NA

    C.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下,11.2LSO3所含分子數(shù)為0.5NA

    D.室溫下,8g甲烷含有共價(jià)鍵數(shù)為2NA

    解析:選項(xiàng)A中n(Na)=1mol,轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)為NA;選項(xiàng)B中n(MgCl2)=2mol,但Mg2部分水解,所   

    以溶液中含Mg2數(shù)小于2NA;選項(xiàng)C中SO3在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下為液體。

    答案:D  

    7.(08上海卷)在石灰窯中燒制生石灰,1molCaCO3完全分解所需要的能量,可燃燒0.453mol碳來提供。設(shè)空氣中O2體積分?jǐn)?shù)為0.21,N2為0.79,則石灰窯產(chǎn)生的氣體中CO2的體積分?jǐn)?shù)可能是(    )

    A.0.43                 B.0.46                   C.0.49                  D.0.52

    解析:    C+O2CO2          CaCO3CaO+CO2

         0.453mol 0.453mol  0.453mol      1mol            1mol

          產(chǎn)生的CO2的總量為:1.453mol,消耗0.453molO2含有的N2為=1.70mol,所以氣體中的CO2的體積分?jǐn)?shù)為:=0.46。                    

    答案:A、B

    8.(08上海卷)生態(tài)溶液涉及農(nóng)家肥料的綜合利用,某種肥料經(jīng)發(fā)酵得到一種含有甲烷、二氧化碳、氮?dú)獾幕旌蠚怏w。2.016L(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況)該氣體通過盛有紅色CuO粉末的硬質(zhì)玻璃管,發(fā)生的反應(yīng)為:CH4+4CuOCO2+2H2O+ 

    4Cu。當(dāng)甲烷完全反應(yīng)后,硬質(zhì)玻璃管的質(zhì)量減輕4.8g。將反應(yīng)后產(chǎn)生的氣體通過過量的澄清石灰水,充分吸收,生成沉淀8.5g

    (1)原混合氣體中甲烷的物質(zhì)的量是____________。

    (2)原混合氣體中氮?dú)獾捏w積分?jǐn)?shù)為多少?(寫出計(jì)算過程)

    解析:由于硬質(zhì)玻璃管減少的質(zhì)量為CuO中的氧的質(zhì)量,所以n(CuO)==0.3mol,由方程式可知反應(yīng)的CH4的物質(zhì)的量為0.075mol。生成的CO2也為0.075mol,將氣體通過澄清的石灰水生成8.5g沉淀,所以n(CO2)=0.085mol,原混合氣體中的n(CO2)=0.01mol,而氣體的總物質(zhì)的量為:=0.09mol,所以n(N2)=0.005mol,N2的體積分?jǐn)?shù)為:×100%=5.56%。

    答案:(1)0.075mol。

       (2)5.56%。

    9.(08上海卷)小蘇打、胃舒、平達(dá)喜都是常用的中和胃酸的藥物。

      (1)小蘇打片每片含0.5gNaHCO3,2片小蘇打片和胃酸完全中和,被中和的H是___________mol。

      (2)胃舒平每片含0.245gAl(OH)3。中和胃酸時(shí),6片小蘇打片相當(dāng)于胃舒平_____片。

      (3)達(dá)喜的化學(xué)成分是鋁和鎂的堿式鹽。

           ①取該堿式鹽3.01g,加入2.0mol?L-1鹽酸使其溶解,當(dāng)加入鹽酸42.5mL時(shí),開始產(chǎn)生CO2,加入鹽酸至45.0mL時(shí)正好反應(yīng)完全,計(jì)算該堿式鹽樣品中氫氧根與碳酸根的物質(zhì)的量之比。

           ②在上述堿式鹽溶于鹽酸后的溶液中加入過量的氫氧化鈉,過濾,沉淀物進(jìn)行干燥后重1.74g,若該堿式鹽中氫元素的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.040,試推測該堿式鹽的化學(xué)式。

    解析:(1)2片小蘇打所含NaHCO3的質(zhì)量為1g,其物質(zhì)的量為=0.012mol,

    由HCO3+H+===CO2↑+H2O,可知n(H)=0.012mol。

          (2)6片小蘇打的物質(zhì)的量為:=0036mol,即中和的H為0.036mol,而每片的Al(OH)3的物質(zhì)的量為=0.0031mol,由Al(OH)3+3H ===Al3+3H2O,所以Al(OH)3的片數(shù)為:=3.8片。

          (3)①堿式鹽中加入HCl,首先是堿式鹽中的OH和CO32與H反應(yīng)生成H2O和HCO3,所以n(HCO3)=2.0mol?L-1×0.0025L=0.005mol,即n(CO32)=0.005mol,H與CO32與HCl反應(yīng)的H的總物質(zhì)的量為:2.0mol?L-1×0.0425L=0.085mol,所以n(OH)=0.08mol,它們的物質(zhì)的量之比為:16∶1。

            ②能與過量的NaOH溶液反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生沉淀的只有Mg2,所以n[Mg(OH)2]==0.03mol,若堿式鹽中不含結(jié)晶水,則氫元素的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為:0.08mol×1g/mol=0.08g,氫元素的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為:=0.027<0.04,說明堿式鹽中含有結(jié)晶水,根據(jù)題意有:m(Al)+m(H2O)+0.03mol×24g/mol+0.005mol×60g/mol+0.08mol×17g/mol=3.01g,=0.04,所以m(H2O)=0.36g,n(H2O)=002mol,m(Al)=0.27g,n(Al)=001mol,所以n(Al3)∶n(Mg2)∶n(OH)∶n(CO32)∶n(H2O)=0.01mol∶0.03mol∶0.08mol∶0.005mol∶0.02mol=2∶6∶16∶1∶4,即堿式鹽的化學(xué)式為:Al2Mg6(OH)16CO3?4H2O。

    答案:(1)0.012mol。

       (2)3.8。

       (3)n(OH)∶n(CO32)=16∶1。

       (4)Al2Mg6(OH)16CO3?4H2O。

    10.(08廣東卷)相同質(zhì)量的下列物質(zhì)分別與等濃度的NaOH溶液反應(yīng),至體系中均無固體物質(zhì),消耗堿量最多的是(   )

    A.Al                     B.Al(OH)3                           C.Al Cl3                D.Al2O3

    解析:m(Al):m(NaOH)=27:40;

    m(Al(OH)3):m(NaOH)=75:40;

    m(AlCl3):m(NaOH)=33.375:40;

    m(Al2O3):m(NaOH)=51:40;

    所以相同質(zhì)量的物質(zhì),消耗堿量最多的是Al。故選A。

    答案:A

    11.(08廣東卷)設(shè)阿伏加德羅常數(shù)(NA)的數(shù)值為nA,下列說法正確的是(   )

    A.1molCl2與足量Fe反應(yīng),轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)為3nA

    B.1.5 mol NO2與足量H2O反應(yīng),轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)為nA

    C.常溫常壓下,46 g的NO2和N2O4混合氣體含有的原子數(shù)為3nA

    D.0.10mol Fe粉與足量水蒸氣反應(yīng)生成的H2分子數(shù)為0.10nA

    解析:Fe過量可使Fe3+還原為Fe2+,A錯(cuò)誤。3NO2+H2O==2HNO3+NO,易知B正確。C中, 可把N2O4看作2NO2,則有1moLNO2,所以有3mol原子;也可以用極端方法,看作全部NO2或全部N2O4考慮,也可得出結(jié)果。3Fe+4H2O===Fe3O4+4H2↑,由方程可知D錯(cuò)誤。

    答案:B、C

    12.(08江蘇卷)用NA表示阿伏加德羅常數(shù)的值。下列敘述正確的是(    )

    A.常溫常壓下的33.6L氯氣與27g鋁充分反應(yīng),轉(zhuǎn)移電子數(shù)為3NA

    B.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下,22.4L己烷中共價(jià)鍵數(shù)目為19NA

    C.由CO2和O2組成的混合物中共有NA個(gè)分子,其中的氧原子數(shù)為2NA

    D.1L濃度為1mol?L-1的Na2CO3溶液中含有NA個(gè)CO32-

    解析:選項(xiàng)A中n(Al)=1mol,Cl2的物質(zhì)的量不能確定,當(dāng)Cl2的物質(zhì)的量小于1.5mol時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)小于3NA,當(dāng)Cl2的物質(zhì)的量等于或大于1.5mol時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)為1.5mol;己烷在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下為液體,所以其物質(zhì)的量不能用n=來確定;選項(xiàng)C中含有NA個(gè)分子的CO2和O2,其物質(zhì)的量為1mol,而不管是CO2還是O2 1mol中均含有2mol的O,NA個(gè)CO2和O2的混合氣體所含的O數(shù)為1mol;選項(xiàng)D中CO32為弱酸根離子,水解后使得CO32的物質(zhì)的量小于1mol,CO32的個(gè)數(shù)小于NA。

    答案:C。

    13.(08山東卷)NA代表阿伏加德羅常數(shù),下列敘述錯(cuò)誤的是(   )

    A.10 mL質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為98%的H2SO4,用水稀釋至100 mL,H2SO4的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為9.8%

    B.在H2O2+Cl2=2HCl+O2反應(yīng)中,每生成32 g氧氣,則轉(zhuǎn)移2NA個(gè)電子

    C.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下,分子數(shù)為NA的CO、C2H4混合氣體體積約為22.4 L,質(zhì)量為28 g

    D.一定溫度下,1 L 0.50 mol?L-1 NH4Cl溶液與2 L 0.25 mol?L-1 NH4Cl溶液含NH+4物質(zhì)的量不同

    解析:選項(xiàng)A中根據(jù)稀釋前后溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變得:10mL×ρ(前)×98%=100mL×ρ(后)×ω(后),所以ω(后)=,由于反應(yīng)前后溶液的密度不能確定,所以其質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)也不能確定;選項(xiàng)B中n(O2)=1mol,O元素的化合價(jià)從-1價(jià)變?yōu)?價(jià),所以每個(gè)O原子失去1個(gè)電子,故反應(yīng)中轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)為2NA;選項(xiàng)C中分子數(shù)為NA的CO和C2H4其物質(zhì)的量為1mol,則在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下所占的體積為22.4L,由于它們的摩爾質(zhì)量都是28g?mol1,即平均摩爾質(zhì)量也為28g?mol1,所以其質(zhì)量為28g;選項(xiàng)D中由于NH4+H2ONH3?H2O+OH,濃度越小,水解程度越大,所以溶液中所含NH4的物質(zhì)的量不同。

    答案:A。

    14.(08四川卷)在Al2(SO4)3和(NH4)2SO4的混合溶液中加入bmol的BaCl2,恰好使溶液中的SO42完全沉淀;如加入足量強(qiáng)堿并加熱可得到cmolNH3,則原溶液中的Al3的濃度(mol/L)為(    )

    A.             B.               C.              D.

    解析:由于NH3的物質(zhì)的量為cmol,由原子守恒和電荷守恒得:(NH4)2SO4的物質(zhì)的量為mol,反應(yīng)時(shí)用去的BaCl2的物質(zhì)的量也為mol,剩余的BaCl2為(b-)mol,則Al2(SO4)3中的SO42的物質(zhì)的量也為(b-)mol,由電荷守恒得:n(Al3)×3=(b-)×2,所以c(Al3)=mol/L。

    答案:C。

     

     

     

    試題詳情

    姜堰市2008~2009學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中考試

    高 三 數(shù) 學(xué) 試 題(文)

    2008.11

    (總分:160分  考試時(shí)間:120分鐘)

    命題人:黃寶圣  邱曉升    審核人:竇如強(qiáng)

    試題詳情

    江蘇省姜堰市2008~2009學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中考試

    高 三 地 理 試 題2008.11

    (總分:120分  考試時(shí)間:100分鐘)

    命題:張躍紅   李芹   審校:薛霖

    第Ⅰ卷 (選擇題    共60分)

    試題詳情


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