寧波市200９年高三模擬考試卷
英 語
本試卷分為第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分�？荚嚱Y(jié)束，請將答題卷交回。
第 I 卷（三部分 共80分)
第一部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié)：單項填空（共20小題；每小題0.5分，滿分10分)
從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項標(biāo)號涂黑。
1. Thank you for sending us ______
fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us ____ great service.
A. /；a B.
the；a C.
/；/ D.
the；/
2. I miss
Mary and would hate ______ if our friendship is over for good.
A.
that B.
it C.
this D.
one
3. --- Mike, our team
will play against the Rockets this weekend. I’m sure we will win.
--- _______ !
A. Congratulations B.
Cheers C.
Best wishes D.
Good luck
4. ---The weather is too cold for March
this year.
---It was still _______ when I came here years ago.
A. colder B.
cold C.
hot D.
hotter
5. ---Jim
managed to get into his house without the key．_______？
--- I don't know. He might have asked
someone for help．
A. What for B. So what C. Guess how D.
Who knows
6. In our daily life,
everyone fails every now and then. It is how you react that makes a ______.
A. development B.
difference C.
progress D.
point
7. During
your stay in Britain，you'll face culture shock
________language problems.
A. as far as B.
as long as
C. as good as
D.
as well as
8. ---
Did you listen to Mr. James’ lecture?
--- Yes, I have never heard a ________
one.
A. more exciting B.
more excited C.
most exciting D.
most excited
9. --- Is
it convenient to you if I call you up at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning?
--- I’m afraid not. I _______ a meeting
then.
A. will have attended B.
was attending
C. will be attending D.
am attending
10. ---Hello, may I have an appointment with the doctor?
---_________
A. Sorry, he is busy at the
moment.
B. Why didn’t you call
earlier?
C. Certainly. May I know your
name? D. Sorry, he doesn’t want to see you.
11. You can’t imagine
what great trouble they have _______ the problem being discussed.
A. to solve B.
solve
C. solved
D. solving
12. ---I
think the company may not offer you a good pay.
--- ______, I won’t take the job.
A. That is to say B. What is
more C. In other words D. In that case
13. To ______ good
relationships with your teachers and classmates, you should learn to be on good
terms with them.
A. bring up
B. add up
C. keep up D. take up
14. It was in the
garden of his old house _______ he grew up that he dug up a pot of gold.
A. that B.
where C. which D.
what
15. We’d better set off right now, or it will
be dark we
know it.
A. before B.
after
C. when D. until
16. _______ is
obviously right is to give all children equal opportunities to develop their
special gift.
A. Which B.
What C. That D.
It
17. It
rained for two weeks, completely _______ our holiday.
A. ruined B.
ruin C.
to ruin D.
ruining
18. ---The woman
biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she
returned.
---Oh, dear! She ________ a lot of
difficulties.
A. may go through
B. might go
through
C. must have gone through D. ought to have gone
through
19. The two boys had
so much in common as if they ______ brought up in the same family.
A. should be B.
would be C. have
been D.
had been
20.
---You haven’t lost the ticket，have
you?
---________. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment．
A. I hope not B.
Yes. I have C
Yes. I’m afraid so. D.I hope so
第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21~40各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項標(biāo)號涂黑。
Each of us fails from time to time. If we are
wise, we accept these failures as a
21 part of the learning process. But all too
often 22 parents and teachers we disallow this
same right to our children.
When I see a child 23
from this kind of pressure,
I think of Donnie.
Donnie was my youngest third-grader. His 24
of failure kept him from
classroom games that other children enjoyed. He 25
answered questions--- he
was afraid he might be wrong. I tried my best to build his 26
. But nothing changed
until midterm, when Mary Anne, a student teacher, was assigned to our
classroom. She was young and pretty, and she loved children. My pupils, Donnie
included, all 27 her very much.
One morning, we were working on maths
problems at the chalk-board. Donnie had
28
the problems with pains-taking tidiness.
Pleased with his progress, I 29
the children with Mary
Anne and went for art materials. When I returned, Donnie was in
30 . He’d missed the third problem.
My student teacher looked at me in despair.
Suddenly her face 31 . From the desk we shared, she got
a container filled with pencils.
“Look, Donnie,” she said, kneeling beside him
and gently 32 the tear-stained(弄臟的) face from his arms. “ I’ve got something to
33 you.” She removed the pencils, one at a
time, and placed them on his desk.
“See these 34
, Donnie,” she
continued. “ They belong to Mrs. Lindstorm and me. See how the erasers are 35
. That’s because we make
mistakes too. But, we erase the mistakes and try again. That’s what you 36
learn to do, too.
She kissed him and stood up. “Here,” she
said, “I’ll leave one of these pencils on 37
desk so you’ll remember
that everyone makes mistakes, 38
teachers.” Donnie looked
up with love in his eyes and a smile.
The 39 became Donnie’s prized possession. That,
together with Mary Anne’s frequent encouragement, gradually 40
him that it’s all right
to make mistakes--- as long as you erase them and try again.
21. A.
small B.
basic C.
necessary D.
large
22. A.
for B. as C. to D. with
23. A.
come B.
take C.
fall D.
suffer
24. A.
fear B.
lesson C.
chance D.
sense
25. A.
always B.
often C.
once D.
seldom
26. A.
self-protection
B. self-improvement
C. self-confidence
D. self-learning
27. A.
respected B.
disliked C.
avoided D.
minded
28. A.
written down B. worked out C. gone over D. gave in
29. A.
left B. offered C.
missed D.
parted
30. A.
surprise B.
astonishment C.
anger D.
tears
31. A.
darkened B.
brightened C.
pulled D.
loosened
32. A.
pushing B.
picking C.
holding D.
lifting
33. A.
help B.
show C.
reward D.
promise
34. A.
pencils B.
mistakes C.
marks D.
containers
35. A.
used B.
built C.
worn D.
damaged
36. A.
may B.
must C.
dare D.
can
37. A. my B. someone’s C.
the teacher’s D.
your
38. A.
still B.
also C.
even D.
not
39. A.
pencil B.
words C.
mistake D.
desk
40. A.
warned B.
informed C.
persuaded D.
reminded
第二部分：閱讀理解（第一節(jié)20小題，第二節(jié)5小題；每小題2分，滿分50分）
第一節(jié)：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項標(biāo)號涂黑。
A
What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, "I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself." In fact you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?
Professor Gerald Gullion of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie", such as a woman at a party telling another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liars hopes to profit or gain in some way.
Research has also been done into the changes of people’s behavior in a number of small, clearly unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch (癢).
Another gesture which gives away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man Watching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood, as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.
Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.
41. According to the passage, a “white lie” seems to be a lie _______.
A. that other people have interest in
B. that other people cannot believe
C. told in order to avoid offending(冒犯) someone
D. told in order to take advantage of someone
42. Research suggests that women _______.
A. are better at telling lies than men do
B. generally lie far more than men
C. often make promises they later break
D. lie at parties more often than men do
43. Researchers find that when a person tells lies．
A. his or her blood pressure increases greatly
B. he or she looks very serious and moves about more
C. he or she tends to make small changes in his behavior
D. he or she uses his unconscious mind
44. One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they lie is that_______
A.1ying causes a slight increase in blood pressure
B. the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying
C. they want to cover their mouths
D. they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies
45. Which of the following may best betray (出賣) a liar?
A. The touching of the tip of one’s nose．
B. The change of one’s behavior.
C. “The mouth cover” gesture.
D. The situations in which his lies are told．
B
Science isn’t something mysterious, only for the few. Every one of us―whether a poet, worker, or physicist has to be able to think scientifically, and to understand some science, such as whether to smoke, what to eat, and what protection to use. Even for decisions that don’t depend on some scientific facts, science remains the proven set of best methods for getting exact information about the world.
Some people will end up as policy-makers in government or business. People such as these make decisions that affect the life of everyone, and most of them know no more about science than does the rest of the general public. Yet they are called upon to decide what to do about nuclear reactors(核反應(yīng)堆), global warming, environmental toxins(環(huán)境霉素), expensive space programs, and biomedical research. It’s nonscientists, not scientists, who have the last word on whether the milk we drink can safely come from cows treated with medicine. To make such decisions wisely, the decision makers have to be drawn from a scientifically educated public.
Even if science is irrelevant（不相干的） to the lives of ordinary Americans, a strong scientific spirit is basic to our economy, educational system, and society. This requires lots of young people to become excited enough by science that they decide to become professional scientists. This also requires, to some degree, the support and understanding of the general public.
Scientists are not always able to communicate their findings in an easy-to-understand manner. Although the scientists should do a better job of explaining what they have discovered, members of the general public have to make efforts to understand what is being said.
46. What does the author mean by saying that “a strong scientific spirit is basic to the economy, educational system and society”?
A. School and society should encourage young people to become professional scientists.
B. The school should only teach lessons of economy and education?
C. A scientifically educated public is basic to the economy，educational system and society.
D. More scientists work in our economy, educational system and society.
47. The general public is required to _______.
A. support and understand the need of scientific education
B. check what the scientists are saying
C. give help to the policy-makers
D. become professional scientists
48. The main idea of this passage is _________.
A policy―makers must be science professionals
B. science is not far from everyone’s life
C. science has nothing to do with ordinary Americans
D. science professionals make decisions that affect the life of everyone
49. According to the passage, who can decide whether the milk we drink can safely come from cows treated with medicine?
A. Scientists B. Young people C. The public D. Policy-makers
C
Of all the websites，one that has attracted attention recently is myspace.com．Most of this attention has come from the media and tells every reason why the website should be shut down．The threat of internet predators（竊掠者）is indeed a tough reality，but shutting down the site is not the answer．If myspace.com were shut down，another site would quickly take its place．Therefore，the right way is to teach teens how to use the site safely and educate them about who may be predators and how to avoid them.
The key to staying safe on the Internet is to make sure that your profile（個人資料）is secure．The simplest way is to change the privacy setting on your profile to “private”, which protects your information so that only the people on your friend list can view it．Although this is effective，it is not perfect．Predators can find ways to view your profile if they really want to，whether through hacking in or figuring out their way onto your friend list．Thus，you should never post too much personal information．Some people actually post their home and school addresses，date of birth，and other personal information, often letting predators know exactly where they will be and when．The most information that is safe is your first name and province．Anything more is basically inviting a predator into your life.
Another big issue is photos. I suggest completely skipping photos and never posting a photo of a friend online without asking permission．
Most importantly, never，under any circumstances，agree to a real-life meeting with anyone you meet online．No matter how well you think you know this person, there are no guarantees that they have told the truth．But you could feel free to chat with people you meet on the site, but just remember that not everyone is who they say they are．Hopefully，the next time you edit your profile，you’ll be more informed about the dangers of internet predators and take the steps to defend yourself.
50. Kids can avoid web predators successfully by .
A. attracting more public attention
B. shutting down the website “myspace . com”
C. showing the kids ways to try other sites
D. recognizing and getting away from them
51. The safest basic personal information that you can share online is .
A. your home address and birthday B. school address and your first name
C. your first name and province D. your province and cell phone number
52. We can learn from the passage that .
A. not everybody you meet on line is honest and reliable
B. it is not acceptable to post a photo of a friend on line
C. it is not safe by chatting with grown-ups on the website
D. only you and your friends can view your personal profile
53. What could be the best title of this passage?
A. Personal Safety B. Web Safety for teens
C. Web Hackers in the past D. Predators’ Tricks
D
When I walked into the house after school, I found my dad at home.
"What are you doing home already?" I asked casually.
"Andrew, I was laid off today," he answered quietly.
I was sure he was joking. "No, you weren't. Why are you really home?"
Then I noticed his expression and realized he was telling the truth. My father has always been a hard worker and prided himself on his career. My father's unemployment created many changes in our lives. He was home all day, which meant my bed had to be made, my room cleaned up, and my homework done right after school. I would come home every day to find him at the computer searching for jobs. I began to notice how down he seemed, and how losing his job had affected his self-esteem (自尊心), though he tried to be optimistic. He asked my brother and me to spend less money. I gave up my allowance（零用錢）, which even though it wasn't much, felt like the right thing to do. I also found a part-time job.
After several difficult months of searching, my dad decided to go in a totally different direction. He explained that he never wanted to be laid off again, so he was going to start his own business. Day by day, I watched him build it, and I admired how much time and energy he devoted to it.
One evening I asked if he needed help. "Only if it doesn't interfere（打擾，妨礙） with school," he said, which sounded like a yes.
I showed up at his office the next afternoon, and most afternoons after that for two months. I always knew he was a hard worker, but watching him in action really influenced me. Although this was one of the worst experiences for our family, it taught me a lot about dealing with adversity. Now I know that through creative problem-solving, I can always find Plans, ask for help, and take risks.
54. When the father was laid off, he ________.
A. was angry with his boss B. didn't care about it at all
C. couldn't accept the fact easily D. was as happy as usual
55. We can know from the passage that ________.
A. it was not easy for the father to find a new job
B. the father asked his sons to give up their allowance
C. the father found a good job when he changed his direction
D. Andrew and his brother helped his father set up his business
56. The underlined word "adversity" in the last paragraph probably means .
A. poor feelings B. bad situations C. low spirits D. old ideas
57. What has Andrew learned from his father?
A. The spirit of creative problem-solving. B. The skills of surfing the Internet.
C. The experience of saving money. D. The rich business skills.
E
One reaction to all the concern about tropical deforestation（砍伐森林） is a blank stare that asks the question, "Since I don't live there, what does it have to do with me?"
The answer is that your way of life, wherever you live in the world, is tied to the tropics in many ways. If you live in a house, wash your hair, eat fruits and vegetables, drink soda, or drive a car, you can be certain that you are affected by the loss of tropical forests.
Biologically, we are losing the richest regions on earth when, each minute, a piece of tropical forest, the size of ten city blocks ,disappears. As many as five million species of plants, animals, and insects (40 to 50 percent of all living things) live there, and are being lost faster than they can be found and described. Their loss is immeasurable.
Take rubber for example. For many uses, only natural rubber from trees will do. Synthetics are not good enough. Today over half the world's commercial rubber is produced in Malaysia and Indonesia, while the Amazon's rubber industry produces much of the world's four million tons. And rubber is an important material in making gloves, balloons, footwear and many sporting goods. Thousands of other tropical plants are valuable for their industrial use.
Many scientists strongly believe that deforestation contributes to the greenhouse effect -- or heating of the earth from increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As we destroy forests, we lose their ability to change carbon dioxide into oxygen.
Carbon dioxide levels could double within the next half-century, warming the earth by as much as 4.5 degrees. The result? A partial melt-down of polar ice caps, raising sea levels as much as 24 feet; even 15 feet could threaten anyone living within 35 miles of the coast. Unbelievable? Maybe. But scientists warn that by the time we realize the severe effects of tropical deforestation, it will be 20 years too late.
Can tropical deforestation affect our everyday lives? Now, you should have got the answer.
58. The underlined word "synthetics" probably means a kind of .
A. natural rubber B. tropical material C. man-made material D. tropical tree
59. In the last paragraph the author tries to .
A. tell people how to avoid the tropical deforestation
B. show us how important it is to protect the tropical forests
C. persuade people to buy something synthetic
D. let people realize the effect of tropical deforestation
60. The author's attitude towards the tropical deforestation is .
A. puzzling B. cold C. supporting D. opposed
第二節(jié)：請閱讀下列電視節(jié)目的信息，然后閱讀以下各人的信息。請從A、B、C、D、E和F中為他們選出想看的電視節(jié)目，并在答提紙上將該選項標(biāo)號涂黑。選項中有一項是多余項。
TODAY'S TELEVISION PROGRAMME PREVIEW
A. TV 1 7:20 p.m. Find out more about Australia's animal life. This film was made last year by one of Australia's best - known cameramen, Dougie Bond. He spent over 200 hours filming the birds, animals and fish that inhabit this beautiful continent and for the first time brings some of these unusual animals to our TV screens.
B. TV 3 9:00 p. m. The popular science programme is back with the latest in technology and medicine. This week, cars that run on sunlight and the story of one baby' s fight to live.
C. TV 2 8:10 p.m. Do you think what goes into the food most of us eat every day of the week? Tonight's programme takes a serious scientific look at the bread industry. Whether you bake your own bread or just enjoy buying it, this programme will give you an interesting insight into something most of us eat every day of the week.
D. TV 1 5:15 p.m Busy parents? Bored children? Do you want something educational to entertain your children while you do something else? This popular magazine programme is for the under-fives. More music, fun, songs and games with Caria and Larry.
E. TV 3 8:45 p.m. If you've always wanted to cook, now's your chance to learn. In the studio are two chefs who will take you through some simple recipes step by step. This is a repeat of the popular series shown last year, and available from good bookshops.
F. TV 3 7:40 p.m. The latest new music. Pete Hogg looks at the best of the current rap, raga and new jack swing plus new video releases. This is the programme that tells you all about what's happening on the music scene and brings you interviews with tomorrow' s young artists.
請閱讀以下各人的信息，然后匹配他們想看的電視節(jié)目：
61. Although Rob leads a quiet life in a small village, that doesn' t stop him from wanting to find out about the latest scientific development.
62. Bella enjoys eating out but can' t afford to spend very much at the moment as she is saving for a holiday. She has never learnt how to cook, so now might be quite a good time to find out!
63. Dan is interested in taking wildlife photographs and enjoys the kind of programme which gives him a chance to see a professional photographer at work.
64. Gina is a music teacher. Although she prefers classical music, she likes to follow the kind of music that interests the teenagers she teaches.
65. Ron' S wife is in hospital. He wants to finds a programme suitable for his three - year -old son while he gets on with the housework and prepares a meal.
第II卷（共40分）
第三部分：寫作（共二節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié)：短文改錯
假如英語課上老師要求同學(xué)們交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，要求你在錯誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個單詞。
增加：在缺詞處加上一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該次下面寫上修改后的詞。
注意：1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2. 只允許修改10處，多者（從11處起）不計分。
例如：It was very nice to get your invitation to spend ∧ weekend with
the
you. Luckily I was completely free then, so I’ll
to say “yes”. I’ll arrive in
Am
Bristol at around 8 pm in Friday evening.
on
My parents and I went to the park on last Sunday. There were lots of visitors stood in front
of the ticket window. We waited a long time and buy three tickets. In the Tiger Mountain of the
park, I was too eager to see the fierce frightened animals that I quickened my steps through the
crowd. Unfortunate, I got separated from my parents. I had hard time looking for him, but I had
no luck. Wandering in the park, I felt alone without any companions. Worse still, I had no
money, so I had to walk home, covered as much as 5 kilometers.
第二節(jié)：書面表達（滿分30分）
你是李明，請給在美國學(xué)習(xí)的王力發(fā)一封電子郵件。
地址：jackwang@hotmail.com
內(nèi)容：你打算今年去美國的加州大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。你發(fā)電子郵件給王力，向他咨詢，并想了解中國學(xué)生在美國學(xué)習(xí)的情況。
發(fā)送郵件時間：2009年4月23日3點25分
你的地址：liming@yahoo.com
注意：
1．注
寧波市2009年高三模擬考試卷
自選模塊綜合
本卷共18題，滿分60分，考試時間90分鐘
注意事項：
1．將選定的題號按規(guī)定要求寫在答題紙的題號內(nèi)；
2．考生可任選6題作答，所答試題應(yīng)與題號一致；多答視作無效。
語 文
題號：01
“中國現(xiàn)代詩歌散文欣賞”模塊（10分）
閱讀下面的現(xiàn)代詩歌，完成后面的題目。
瀑 布
包白痕
包白痕(1917～ )原名包崇章，筆名有辛茹、包谷等。浙江三門人。著有詩集《無花果》、《布谷鳥》、《慘痛的世紀(jì)》等。
當(dāng)你被逼得
無路可走的時候
你咬緊牙關(guān)
從懸崖上撲下來
寧肯粉身碎骨
不愿半死不活
朝著那要去的方向
你從不回頭退縮
那些悠閑的欣賞家
把你當(dāng)作消遣的風(fēng)景
誰了解你
生命波折的痛楚
只聽到你腳步的聲響
聽不到你替自己的剖白
因為世界上
真理只有一個
1．《瀑布》這首詩贊美了一種什么樣的精神？（3分）
2．請從表現(xiàn)手法的角度對本詩進行賞析。（200字左右。7分）
題號：02
“中國古代詩歌散文欣賞”模塊（10分）
閱讀下面的詩歌，完成后面的題目。
致酒行
唐?李賀
零落棲遲一杯酒，主人奉觴客長壽。主父①西游困不歸，家人折斷門前柳。吾聞馬周②昔作新豐客，天荒地老無人識�？諏⒐{上兩行書，直犯龍顏請恩澤。我有迷魂招不得，雄雞一聲天下白。少年心事當(dāng)拿云，誰念幽寒坐嗚呃。
注：①主父：主父偃，漢武帝時，西入關(guān)謀求事業(yè)，郁郁不得志，資用困乏，屢遭白眼，后來終于得到重用。②馬周：唐初名臣，年輕時受地方官吏侮辱，在去長安的途中，遭遇主人慢待，處境十分狼狽，后來也發(fā)達出仕。
1.請簡要分析這首詩中體現(xiàn)的詩人情感變化。（200字左右，5分）
2.就其一點，賞析本詩的藝術(shù)手法。（200字左右，5分）
數(shù) 學(xué)
題號：03
“數(shù)學(xué)史與不等式選講”模塊（10分）
已知
．
（1）求
的值域；
（2）求證：
．
題號：04
已知圓
的參數(shù)方程為
(Ⅰ)若
是圓與
軸正半軸的交點，以圓心為極點，以
軸的正半軸為極軸建立極坐標(biāo)系，過點作圓的切線，求該切線的極坐標(biāo)方程；
(Ⅱ)直線
經(jīng)過原點
，傾斜角
，設(shè)與圓相交于
兩點，求點到兩點的距離之積．
英 語
題號：05
閱讀理解(分兩節(jié),共五小題;每小題2分,共10分)
閱讀下面的短文,并根據(jù)短文后的要求答題.
The U.S. Department of Labor statistics (統(tǒng)計) indicates that there is an
oversupply of college-trained workers and that this oversupply is increasing.
Already there is an overabundance (過多) of teachers, engineers, physicists and other specialists. Yet
colleges and graduate schools continue every year to turn out highly trained
people to compete for jobs that aren’t there. The result is that 1 and must take temporary jobs which do not
require a college degree. These “temporary” jobs have a habit of becoming
permanent.
On
the other hand, 2 :
carpenters, electricians, mechanics, and TV repairmen. These people have more
work than they can handle and their annual incomes are often higher than those
of college graduates. The old idea distinction(差異) that white-collar workers make a better living than blue-collar
workers no longer holds true.
The
reason for this situation is the traditional myth(神話) that 3 . Parents
begin telling their children this myth before they are out of school. Under
this pressure the kids fall in line. Whether they want to go to college or not
doesn’t matter. 4
One result
of this emphasis on a college education is that many people go to college who
do not belong there.
Of the sixty percent of high school graduates who enter college,
half of them do not graduate with their class. Many of them drop out within the
first year. Some struggle on for two or three years and then give up.
第一節(jié) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從A、B、C、D、E中選出最合適放入短文空缺處的選項，并將序號及相應(yīng)答案寫在答題紙上。選項中有一項是多余選項。
A. graduates cannot enter the professions
for which they were trained
B. the level of unemployment keeps rising
C. college degree is a passport to bright
future
D. Everybody should go to college.
E. there is a tremendous need for skilled
workers of all sorts
第二節(jié) 根據(jù)短文所給的信息回答問題，并將序號及相應(yīng)答案寫在答題紙上。
5. What does the last paragraph imply?
題號：06
填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）
閱讀下面短文，在標(biāo)有序號的的空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，或填入括號中單詞的正確形式，并將序號及相應(yīng)的答案寫在答題紙上。
Every year on my birthday, from the time I
turned twelve, a white gardenia（梔子）was delivered to my house. No card or note 6 (come) with it. Calls to the
flower shop were always useless---it was a cash deal.
My mother asked me 10 there was someone for whom I had done a special kindness
who might be showing appreciation.
Perhaps the neighbor I helped when she was unloading a car full of
groceries. Or maybe it was the old man
11 the street whose mail I helped to get
during the winter so he wouldn’t have to venture down his icy step.
As a teenager, though, I had more fun guessing that it might be a boy who
had noticed me 12 I didn’t know him.
One month before my
high school graduation, my father died of a heart attack. He
was missing some of the most important events in my life.
I became completely
She wanted her children to feel loved and
lovable, imaginative, believing that there was a magic in the world
and beauty in the face of hard times. Actually mother wanted her children to
see 15 much like the
gardenia-lovely, strong and perfect. The gardenia stopped coming when
my mother died.
政 治
題號：07
“經(jīng)濟學(xué)常識”模塊（10分）
西方國家現(xiàn)代市場經(jīng)濟有哪些主要模式？各自的成因是什么？共同的本質(zhì)又是什么？
題號：08
“生活中的法律常識”模塊（10分）
張小薇是某中學(xué)高三學(xué)生，18周歲。雖然她有一個好朋友韋小寶快要過生日了，但是因為家庭條件清貧，所以不打算送他生日禮物。不過，有一次她的朋友韋小寶當(dāng)眾對她說：“我生日了，你應(yīng)該要送我一個手機，否則我們就不做朋友！”在這種情況下，她與韋小寶簽訂了一份贈送協(xié)議，答應(yīng)在他生日那天送他一個價值2000元左右的手機。事后，這份協(xié)議被張小薇的父親知道了，認為她還是一個學(xué)生，沒有經(jīng)濟來源，要求廢除這份協(xié)議。而她也感覺到對不起父親，要求韋小寶返還她送給他的手機，但韋小寶沒有答應(yīng)，理由是她已經(jīng)是年滿18周歲的成人了。
結(jié)合材料，運用法律常識的相關(guān)知識回答以下問題：
（1）張小薇父親要求廢除贈送協(xié)議的要求是否成立？為什么？
（2）如果雙方不能自行和解，張小薇可以采用哪些方式解決糾紛？如何舉證？
歷 史
題號：09
“歷史上重大改革回眸”模塊（10分）
閱讀下列材料：
材料一 1856年，亞歷山大二世向莫斯科貴族發(fā)表演說，他說：“到處在謠傳，我要給農(nóng)民自由，這是不公正的，……但是，遺憾的是，農(nóng)民和他們的地主之間存在著敵對情緒，并因此發(fā)生了許多不服地主管束的事情�！蚨瑥纳厦娼鉀Q要比從下面解決好得多�！�
――摘自孫成木《俄國通史簡編》
材料二 1868年4月的一天，日本京都皇宮的大殿內(nèi)，天皇率領(lǐng)群臣宣讀誓詞：“廣興會議，萬機決于公論；上下一心，大展經(jīng)論；官武一體以至庶民，各遂其志，務(wù)必人心不倦；破歷來之陋習(xí)，基于天地之公道；求知識于世界，大力振興皇基。”這就是日本歷史上著名的“五條誓文”。
――摘自人教版歷史選修1
材料三
請回答：
（1）結(jié)合材料和所學(xué)知識，分析三則材料所反映的三國解決社會危機的角度(或者側(cè)重點)有何不同?(3分)
（2）三則材料中的三位君主都參與了改革，分別指出他們在改革中的作用。(3分)
寧波市2009年高三模擬考試卷
理科綜合能力
本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分。全卷共12頁，第Ⅰ卷1至5頁，第Ⅱ卷6至12頁。滿分300分，考試時間150分鐘。
請考生按規(guī)定用筆將所有試題的答案涂、寫在答題紙上。
相對原子質(zhì)量：H1 N14 O16 C12
第I卷（選擇題 共126分）
安徽省皖南八校2009屆高三第三次聯(lián)考
文 科 綜 合
第Ⅰ卷 (選擇題共132分)
本卷共33小題。每小題4分．共計132分。在每小題列出的四個選項中．只有一項是符合題目要求的。
讀某地地形圖，回答1～2題。
考%20文科綜合（word版）含解析.files/image002.gif)
1．圖中四地最符合“兩山夾峙一線天，茂林修竹水潺潺”景觀的是
A．甲 B．乙 C．丙 D．丁
2．下列與圖示地區(qū)特征描述相符的是
A．六月暑天猶著棉，終年多半是寒天 B．羌笛何須怨楊柳，春風(fēng)不度玉門關(guān)
C．輪臺九月風(fēng)夜吼，一川碎石大如斗 D．綠遍山原白_滿川，子規(guī)聲里雨如煙
下圖為某類工業(yè)在全球的轉(zhuǎn)移路徑示意圖，回答3～4題。
3．該工業(yè)最可能是考%20文科綜合（word版）含解析.files/image003.gif)
A．鋼鐵工業(yè) B．紡織工業(yè) C．汽車工業(yè) D．石化工業(yè)
4．20世紀(jì)初，此類工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移到日本的主導(dǎo)因素是
A．接近原料產(chǎn)地 B．勞動力價格低 C．市場廣闊D．技術(shù)水平高
黃河在山東利津縣以下沖積成的三角翻，入海的泥沙約有40％在口門附近淤積，形成河口的沙嘴及其兩側(cè)的爛泥灣�；卮�5～6題。
5．讀“1976年以來利津水文站黃河來水來沙特征圖”，判斷下列說法正確的是
考%20文科綜合（word版）含解析.files/image005.gif)
A．黃河的年汛期徑流量制約著年輸沙總量的大小
B．1997年黃河的年輸沙總量達到最小值，原因是當(dāng)年黃河流域無降水
C．黃河的年輸沙總量年際變化大，呈增長趨勢
D．年徑流總量最大值和年輸沙總量最大值出現(xiàn)的時間相同
6．讀“黃河三角洲新生濕地與人海泥沙量及黃河口門外5‘km內(nèi)平均水深的變化關(guān)系預(yù)測圖”，下列說法正確的是
考%20文科綜合（word版）含解析.files/image006.gif)
A．口門外
B． 口門外
C．口門外
D．口門外
讀右圖，外圓為0。等太陽高度線，圖‘中圓內(nèi)的太陽高度角都大于O0，N為一一牟、
考%20文科綜合（word版）含解析.files/image007.gif)
北極點，A點的緯度為
7．EN的地方時為
A．0時 B．6時 C．3 8時 D．18時
8．下列相關(guān)敘述正確的是
A．正午太陽高度N點大于A點 B．A點的地方時為12 時
C．B點的晝長為24小時 D．O點位于北回歸線上
近年來，新疆特色農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展紅紅火火。讀“新疆特色農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)帶分布圖”回答9～11題。
考%20文科綜合（word版）含解析.files/image008.gif)
9．新疆特色農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)帶分布地區(qū)的主要地貌類型是
考%20文科綜合（word版）含解析.files/image010.gif)
A B C D
10．新疆一中學(xué)地理研究性學(xué)習(xí)小組為完成設(shè)計的課題，分兩組進行實驗探究：甲組直接在地里種植西瓜，乙組在地上覆蓋一層礫石后種植西瓜。該小組探究的課題可能是
A．西瓜品質(zhì)與農(nóng)藥殘留的關(guān)系 B．西瓜品質(zhì)與土壤水分的關(guān)系
C．西瓜品質(zhì)與土壤養(yǎng)分的關(guān)系 D．西瓜品質(zhì)與晝夜溫差的關(guān)系
11．新疆大規(guī)模發(fā)展特色農(nóng)業(yè)，帶來的生態(tài)問題主要有
①坡地開荒導(dǎo)致水蝕嚴重②氣候惡化，沙塵暴危害加劇 ③不合理灌溉導(dǎo)致土壤鹽堿化
④地下水質(zhì)惡化，地面沉降
A．①② B．①④ C．②③ D．②④
12．隨著我國改革開放的深入發(fā)展和市場經(jīng)濟體制的建立，我國公民在國內(nèi)、國際上的流動日益頻繁。與之相似的是，西周之前，我國古代人民也過著頻繁遷徙的生活。西周之前，古代人民頻繁遷徙主要是
A．為了尋找肥沃的土地 B．由于土地利用率低下
C．戰(zhàn)亂頻繁，社會動蕩不安 D．由于耕作技術(shù)的落后
13．在楚漢之爭中，有這樣一個故事：韓信投靠劉邦后，被派去管理雜亂無章的糧倉。但很快韓信就把新谷、陳糧分開，而且新谷、陳糧的多少統(tǒng)計的非常清楚。他的這些智慧最可能記載于
A．《石氏星表》 B．《九章算術(shù)》 C．《夏小正》 D．《汜勝之書》
14．孫中山先生于1919年總結(jié)民國以來經(jīng)驗時說：“八年以來的中華民國，政治不良到這個地步，實因單破壞地面，沒有掘起地底陳土的緣故。這地底的陳土，就是官僚、武人、政客。要建筑燦爛莊嚴的民國，須先搬去這三種陳土，才能立起堅固的基礎(chǔ)來。這便是改造中國的第一步……”此后孫中山為“搬去這三種陳土”而采取的措施有
①改組國民黨 ②提出新三民主義 ③確立三大政策 ④發(fā)動“二次革命”
A．①②③④ B．①②③ C．①③④ D．②③④
15．2008年3月，溫家寶總理在第十一屆全國人大一次會議上作報告時強調(diào)要進一步加強社會主義民主法制建設(shè)，促進社會公平正義。下列不屬于新中國建立初期民主法制建設(shè)成就的是
A．人民代表大會制度的確立
B．中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度．
C．頒布《中華人民共和國憲法》
D．頒布《中華人民共和國民族區(qū)域自治法》
16．在2008年里，我國鋼企發(fā)生虧損，其原因即在于高昂的鐵礦石成本。進口鐵礦石平均到岸價每噸136．2美元，每噸比上年增加了近48美元。僅此一項，全行業(yè)就多支付成本達1460億元。有鑒于此，國內(nèi)鋼企積極優(yōu)化產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)，不斷開拓新市場。新中國鋼鐵工業(yè)起步于
A．新中國成立之初 B．20世紀(jì)50年代末
C．20世紀(jì)60年代初 D．文革后期
17．國務(wù)院總理溫家寶4月10抵達泰國海濱城市帕塔亞，準(zhǔn)備出席原定于11 開始的東亞領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人系列會議。由于泰國國內(nèi)局勢原因，泰國政府決定推遲會議，另擇日期舉行。雖然會議未能如期舉行，中方仍愿向東盟國家介紹中方對加強中國一東盟合作的設(shè)想和建議。這充 分表明
①中國積極發(fā)展睦鄰友好關(guān)系，營造和諧的國際環(huán)境②中國積極開展多邊外交活動，推動 地區(qū)和平與發(fā)展③中國綜合國力空前強大，已經(jīng)擔(dān)當(dāng)起領(lǐng)導(dǎo)亞洲的重任 ④中國順應(yīng)世界經(jīng)濟區(qū)域化的趨勢，放眼未來
A．①②③④ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①②③
1 8．2008年以來，非洲索馬里沿海累計已經(jīng)發(fā)生80多起海盜襲擊事件，平均每4天就有一艘船遭劫，海盜已猖獗到無以復(fù)加的地步。這一現(xiàn)象備受國際關(guān)注，有人開始對索馬里的歷史產(chǎn)生興趣，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)這一地區(qū)在15世紀(jì)末出現(xiàn)了一個著名的“海盜”，他最有可能是
A．迪亞士 B．哥倫布 C．達?伽馬 D．麥哲倫
19．“……人類的這種處境，很讓普羅米修斯心憂。于是他就懇求萬神之王宙斯，希望他能賜給人類火種。可是，宙斯以為不能給人類太多的幫助，否則就無法統(tǒng)治人類，而且人類還會征服宇宙，直接威脅神的權(quán)威。”下列人物中對宙斯威脅最大的是
A．彼特拉克 B．莎士比 C．馬丁?路德 D．達爾文
20．2008年12月以來，巴以沖突不斷升級，共造成巴方死傷6800多人，以方死傷70多人，但由于各方的努力斡旋，這次巴以沖突并沒有像很多人想象的那樣演變成第六次中東戰(zhàn)爭，這說明
A．經(jīng)過這次血與火的考驗，巴以雙方已經(jīng)達成諒解
B．以色列打擊哈馬斯的目標(biāo)實現(xiàn)，不想進一步擴大戰(zhàn)爭
C雖然地區(qū)沖突時有發(fā)生，但和平的力量占主導(dǎo)
D．哈馬斯軍事力量弱小，在遭受重創(chuàng)的情況下被迫屈服
21．近日全球經(jīng)濟“老大”美國頻頻出手，
A．《布雷頓森林協(xié)定 B．《關(guān)稅與貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》
C．《羅馬條約》 D．《北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定》
22．下列文學(xué)藝術(shù)作品中不能體現(xiàn)作者心系民族，表達強烈的民族意識的是
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23．黨的十七屆三中全會把“土地流轉(zhuǎn)”作為新時期的土地制度后，
①是實現(xiàn)共同富裕的要求②有利于維護農(nóng)民的長遠利益③有利于進一步解放和發(fā)展農(nóng) 村生產(chǎn)力 ④改變了土地的所有權(quán)和經(jīng)營權(quán)
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④
24．上世紀(jì)70年代的世界石油危機，對于能源對外依存度超過95％的日本，是巨大的打擊。但日本企業(yè)潛心開發(fā)節(jié)能技術(shù)，必汽車為代表的節(jié)能產(chǎn)品一舉成為世界搶手貨，反而成為石油危機的一個贏家。這對我國企業(yè)的啟示是’
①企業(yè)要制定正確的經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略 ②要致力于科技創(chuàng)新，提高產(chǎn)品的科技含量 ③石油是關(guān) 系國民經(jīng)濟能否持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要戰(zhàn)略物資④只有依靠科技降低產(chǎn)品價格，才能贏得競爭優(yōu)勢
A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．②④
2 5．
A．國家財政具有促進資源合理配置的作用
B．國家宏觀調(diào)控在資源配置中起基礎(chǔ)性作用
C．國家財政是促進社會公平、改善人民生活的物質(zhì)保障
D．公平是效率的保證
26．明星代言廣告往往會得到不菲的報酬。表面上看，這些報酬是廣告主給付的，但實際上，這些費用最終還是轉(zhuǎn)嫁到了消費者身上�；诠皆瓌t，明星代言人也應(yīng)對消費者負責(zé)，承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任。這體現(xiàn)了
A．社會主義民主的真實性 B．公民權(quán)利與義務(wù)的統(tǒng)一
C．國家利益與公民個人利益的一致性 D．代言廣告是公民對社會承擔(dān)的義務(wù)
27．50年前，雪域高原發(fā)生了一場舉世矚目的社會大變革：野蠻、殘酷、黑暗、落后的封建農(nóng)奴制度被徹底廢除，政教合一的政權(quán)被徹底推翻，百萬農(nóng)奴得到徹底翻身解放，獲得了參與管理國家事務(wù)的權(quán)利�？梢�，從政治上看，西藏實行的民主改革有利于
A．消除民族差別、改變民族歧視的狀況
B．實現(xiàn)各民族的平等和團結(jié)
C．改變生產(chǎn)關(guān)系不適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的狀況
D．推動生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展和社會進步
28．梁啟超曾將安徽與江蘇、浙江并列，慨嘆“一代學(xué)術(shù)幾為江、浙、皖三省所獨占”。這體現(xiàn)了江、浙、皖三省文化
A．既具有民族性又有很強的時代性 B．獨樹一幟、獨領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷
C．具有實用性、整體性的特點 D．是“站在前人的肩膀上”發(fā)展的
29．費孝通先生曾在《鄉(xiāng)土中國》一書中感慨鄉(xiāng)下人的“愚”：農(nóng)村人到城里不知道如何躲閃汽車，于是便有司機朝農(nóng)民吐唾沫，罵他們“笨蛋”。費先生說這不能說明鄉(xiāng)下人“愚”，鄉(xiāng)下人不知如何給汽車讓道，就像城里人跑到鄉(xiāng)下看到苞谷贊嘆“麥子長得這么高啊”一樣，不關(guān)乎一個人的人格。由此可見，城里人與鄉(xiāng)下人都應(yīng)該
A．自覺樹立社會主義榮辱觀 B．自覺遵守公民基本道德規(guī)范
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C．自覺加強思想道德修養(yǎng) D．自覺加強科
30．右幅漫畫給我們的哲學(xué)啟示是
A．要充分發(fā)揮主觀能動性
B．要堅持一切從實際出發(fā)、實事求是
C．要堅持辯證法，反對形而上學(xué)
D．要做到具體問題具體分析
31．2009年2月中下旬，為有效緩解旱情，我省五次實施人工增雨作業(yè)，為全面奪取抗旱保苗勝利打下了基礎(chǔ)。這表明
A．自然界的變化發(fā)展是有規(guī)律的
B．認識了自然規(guī)律就能造福于人類
C．人們可以把握規(guī)律、改變規(guī)律
D．人們可以發(fā)揮主觀能動性利用規(guī)律改造世界
32．為做好我省今年家電下鄉(xiāng)工作，某市政府提出“一諾千金堅決于，一門心思埋頭干，-馬當(dāng)先帶頭干”。這一口號蘊涵的哲理是
A．社會生活在本質(zhì)上是實踐的
B．應(yīng)該堅持兩點論與重點論的統(tǒng)一
C．要搞好局部，用局部的發(fā)展推動整體的發(fā)展
D．系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的方法是認識事物的根本方法
33．在最崎嶇的山路上點燃知識的火把，在最寂寞的懸崖邊拉起孩子們求學(xué)的小手，19年的清貧、堅守和操勞，沉淀為精神的沃土，讓希望發(fā)芽。――這是2008年感動中國組委會授予扎根懸崖小學(xué)18年的支教夫妻李桂林、陸建芬的頒獎辭。李桂林、陸建芬夫婦被評為感動中國年度人物表明
A．有價值的人生不應(yīng)考慮個人利益
B．人生的真正價值在于對社會的責(zé)任和貢獻
C．實現(xiàn)人生價值需要社會提供一定的客觀條件
D．只有在條件艱苦的地方才能體現(xiàn)人生價值
第Ⅱ卷 (非選擇題 共168分)
本卷共6大題．共168分。
考%20文科綜合（word版）含解析.files/image016.gif)
34．(28分)當(dāng)?shù)貢r間
(1)根據(jù)圖中提供的信息可知，中國和該地區(qū)在經(jīng)貿(mào)合作上前景非常廣闊，存在很大的互補性，這個互補性是指 ；試分析這種合作對雙方的意義。(10分)
(2)在會上中科院院士秦大河“語出驚人”}“金融危機減緩了全球變暖”。請根據(jù)你所學(xué)知識談?wù)勊f此話的理由。(4分)
(3)A處氣候類型為 ，該氣候類型在此處的分布特征是
，形成此分布特征的原因是 。再過兩個月，C處的氣候特征是 。(8分)
(4)如果B、D兩地植被均遭到破壞，則帶來的生態(tài)后果分別是什么?(6分)
35．(28分)根據(jù)安徽省的相關(guān)材料，回答問題。
材料一 安徽省地形圖， 材料二 生活能源結(jié)構(gòu)圖
考%20文科綜合（word版）含解析.files/image017.gif)
(1)2009年安徽啟動實施糧食增產(chǎn)規(guī)劃，將著力建設(shè)淮北沿淮小麥和 核心產(chǎn)區(qū)、
沿江沿淮及江淮之間 核心產(chǎn)區(qū)。(2分)
(2)某校社會實踐活動小組對A縣農(nóng)村生活能源的構(gòu)成圖進行了調(diào)查研究，統(tǒng)計結(jié)果如材
料二所示，據(jù)此指出這種能源構(gòu)成引發(fā)的環(huán)境問題。(8分) 、
(3)目前，長三角地區(qū)大力發(fā)展現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)，安徽省要積極承接其生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)、加工制造業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)。按照這一思路，請你確定安徽優(yōu)先建設(shè)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移園區(qū)的合適地區(qū)是 ，并簡述理由。(8分)
A．皖南山區(qū) B．淮北地區(qū) C．沿江城市’ D．皖西地區(qū)
材料三 受自然條件影響，淮河流域是我國洪澇災(zāi)害最嚴重的地區(qū)，建國以來分別于 1954年、1991年、2003年和2007年發(fā)生了四次全流域性大洪水。其中2007年淮河洪災(zāi)成 災(zāi)1304萬畝，受災(zāi)人口2042萬人，直接經(jīng)濟損失120億元。
(4)從位置和降水因素，分析淮河流域洪澇災(zāi)害嚴重的原因。除上述兩個因素外，你認為還可以從哪些方面探究淮河流域洪災(zāi)頻發(fā)的原因?(10分)
36．(32分)閱讀下列材料，回答問題。
材料一 曾國藩受命督辦江南軍務(wù)，總結(jié)了與太平軍為敵的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，形成了“迅克安慶，大局乃有挽回之日，金陵乃有恢復(fù)之望”的戰(zhàn)略思想。他對太平軍東征一舉，置于次著，率湘軍分三路全力進攻安慶，并于四月合圍。……曾國藩率湘軍攻下安慶，即把湘軍大營所設(shè)的內(nèi)軍械所加以改組，設(shè)立“安慶內(nèi)軍械所”，仿制洋槍、洋炮……雖然仍用手工制作軍火，時移勢轉(zhuǎn)，漸改為利用機器、動力生產(chǎn)，競成為中國近代軍事工業(yè)的最早一家。
材料二 江西也“凋敝異常”；特別是沿長江一帶，數(shù)百里間，不聞雞犬聲。安徽通省破壞嚴重，從安慶往皖北的宿、毫一帶，“千余里間，人民失業(yè)，田廬蕩然”。田地荒蕪，耕種無人；“終日不過行人，百里不見炊煙”。
材料三 然而，以富求強的歷程十分艱難。不論官辦的軍事工業(yè)，還是官督商辦的民用
企業(yè)，技術(shù)力量和機器設(shè)備都要依賴西方資本主義國家，機器的購買和安裝，甚至運轉(zhuǎn)都要受洋人的把持……在軍工企業(yè)里，資金和產(chǎn)品由政府統(tǒng)一調(diào)撥，不存在利潤問題，因此成本高昂，生產(chǎn)效率很低。在民用企業(yè)里，因為吸收了商股，產(chǎn)品要講利潤。但又因官府把持，官僚們常常借“官督”之便，侵吞商股，化公為私，貪污舞弊，安插親信，致使企業(yè)管理極為混亂。加上清政府對新式企業(yè)進行敲榨勒索，許多企業(yè)毫無生機……
材料四 基督教文化本質(zhì)上是排他性的。它以“優(yōu)越文明”的姿態(tài)，鄙視中國的原有文
化，反對祖先敬奉，排斥儒家學(xué)說和傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗，這就不能不引起中國官民的抵制。……其中著名的有咸豐十一年至同治元年的貴陽教案，同治元年的南昌教案……八年的安慶教案、建德教案等等。同治九年(1870年)的天津教案，是一次規(guī)模最大、影響深遠的教案。每次教 案發(fā)生后，法國等國外交官立即向清政府施加壓力，甚至調(diào)派軍艦以武力相威脅；而清政府 則是一次次的屈服，以賠款和懲處反洋教人士來結(jié)案�！逭扇〉恼�，不但不能 平息民、教之間的矛盾，反而使教會更加肆無忌憚，使民眾積怨更深，以致光緒朝的教案以更高頻率、更大規(guī)模地爆發(fā)出來…… ――以上材料摘自《清代簡史》
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