2009高考沖刺選擇題專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練
在每小題給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)正確。
1、右圖為盧瑟福和他的同事們做a 粒子散射實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置的示意圖,熒光屏和顯微鏡一起分別放在圖中的A、B、C、D四個(gè)位置時(shí),觀察到的現(xiàn)象,下述說法中正確的是
A.放在A位置時(shí),相同時(shí)間內(nèi)觀察到屏上的閃光次數(shù)最少
B.放在B 位置時(shí),相同時(shí)間內(nèi)觀察到屏上的閃光次數(shù)只比A位置時(shí)稍少些
C.放在C、D 位置時(shí),屏上觀察不到閃光
D.放在D 位置時(shí),屏上仍能觀察一些閃光,但次數(shù)極少
2、分子運(yùn)動(dòng)是看不見、摸不著的,其運(yùn)動(dòng)特征不容易研究,但科學(xué)家可以通過布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)認(rèn)識(shí)它,這種方法叫做“轉(zhuǎn)換法”。下面給出的四個(gè)研究實(shí)例,其中采取的方法與上述研究分子運(yùn)動(dòng)的方法相同的是
A.牛頓通過對(duì)天體現(xiàn)象的研究,總結(jié)出萬有引力定律
B.愛因斯坦在普朗克量子學(xué)說的啟發(fā)下提出了光子說
C.歐姆在研究電流與電壓、電阻關(guān)系時(shí),先保持電阻不變研究電流與電壓的關(guān)系;然后再保持電壓不變研究電流與電阻的關(guān)系
D.奧斯特通過放在通電直導(dǎo)線下方的小磁針發(fā)生偏轉(zhuǎn)得出通電導(dǎo)線的周圍存在磁場的結(jié)論
3、彈簧秤掛在升降機(jī)的頂板上,下端掛一質(zhì)量為
A.
4、在XOY平面中有一通電直導(dǎo)線與OX、OY軸相交,導(dǎo)線中電流方向如圖所示.該區(qū)域有勻強(qiáng)磁場,通電直導(dǎo)線所受磁場力的方向與OZ軸的正方向相同.該磁場的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度的方向可能是
A.沿X軸負(fù)方向
B.沿X軸負(fù)方向
C.沿Z軸正方向
D.沿Z軸負(fù)方向
5、圖示電路中電阻R1、R2、R3的阻值相等,電池的內(nèi)阻不計(jì)。那么,開關(guān)K接通后流過R2的電流是K接通前的
A. B.
C. D.
7、用a、b兩束單色光分別照射同一雙縫干涉裝置,在距雙縫恒定距離的屏上得到圖示的干涉圖樣,其中甲圖是a光照射時(shí)形成的,乙圖是b光照射時(shí)形成的。則關(guān)于a、b兩束單色光,下述正確的是
A.a光光子的能量較大
B.在水中a光傳播的速度較大 甲 乙
C.若用a光照射某金屬時(shí)不能打出光電子,則用b 光照射該金屬時(shí)一定打不出光電子
D.若a光是氫原子從n=4的能級(jí)向n=2的能級(jí)躍遷時(shí)產(chǎn)生的,則b光可能是氫原子從n=3的能級(jí)向n=2的能級(jí)躍遷時(shí)產(chǎn)生的
8、光滑水平桌面上有一個(gè)靜止的木塊,槍沿水平方向先后發(fā)射兩顆質(zhì)量和速度都相同的子彈,兩子彈分別從不同位置穿過木塊。假設(shè)兩子彈穿過木塊時(shí)受到的阻力大小相同,忽略重力和空氣阻力的影響,那么在兩顆子彈先后穿過木塊的過程中
A.兩顆子彈損失的動(dòng)能相同B.木塊每次增加的動(dòng)能相同
C.因摩擦而產(chǎn)生的熱量相同D.木塊每次移動(dòng)的距離相同
9、有一個(gè)在y方向上做簡諧運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體,其振動(dòng)曲線如圖甲所示。關(guān)于圖乙的下列判斷正確的是
圖甲 圖乙
A.圖(1)可作為該物體的速度v―t圖象
B.圖(2)可作為該物體的回復(fù)力F―t圖象
C.圖(3)可作為的物體的回復(fù)力F―t圖象
D.圖(4)可作為的物體的回復(fù)加速度a―t圖象
10、如圖所示,一根長導(dǎo)線彎曲成“п”,通以直流電I,正中間用絕緣線懸掛一金屬環(huán)C,環(huán)與導(dǎo)線處于同一豎直平面內(nèi)。在電流I增大的過程中,下列敘述錯(cuò)誤的是
A.金屬環(huán)中無感應(yīng)電流產(chǎn)生
B.金屬環(huán)中有逆時(shí)針方向的感應(yīng)電流
C.懸掛金屬環(huán)C的豎直線中拉力變大
D.金屬環(huán)C仍能保持靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)
12。如圖所示,輕質(zhì)光滑滑輪兩側(cè)用細(xì)繩連著兩個(gè)物體A與B,物體B放在水平地面上,A、B均靜止.
已知A和B的質(zhì)量分別為mA、mB,,繩與水平方向的夾角為
A.物體B受到的摩擦力可能為0
B.物體B受到的摩擦力為mgA sin
C.物體B對(duì)地面的壓力可能為0
D.物體B對(duì)地面的壓力為mB-mAgsin
14.下列關(guān)于變壓器的說法中正確的是
A.升壓變壓器在升高電壓的同時(shí),也提高了交變電壓的頻率
B.若輸入電壓相同,則輸出電壓隨輸入電壓頻率的增大而增大
C.降壓變壓器的副線圈導(dǎo)線比原線圈導(dǎo)線粗
D.變壓器輸出的電功率由輸入的電功率決定
15.如圖所示,甲、乙兩電路中電源完全相同,電阻R1>R2,在兩電路中分別通過相同的電量Q的過程中,下列關(guān)于兩電路的比較,正確的是
A.電源內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生電熱較多的是甲電路中的電源
B.R1上產(chǎn)生的電熱比R2上產(chǎn)生的電熱多
C.電源做功較多的是乙電路中的電源
D.電源輸出功率較大的是乙電路中的電源
16.利用金屬晶格(大小約10
A.該實(shí)驗(yàn)說明了電子具有粒子性
B.實(shí)驗(yàn)中電于束的德布羅意波的波長為
C.加速電壓U越大,電子的衍射現(xiàn)象越明顯
D.若用相同動(dòng)能的質(zhì)子替代電子,衍射現(xiàn)象將更加明顯
17.如圖,在平行玻璃磚上方有一點(diǎn)光源So,觀察者在A點(diǎn)隔著玻璃磚
看到的S。像在S1處,若將玻璃磚向右下方平行移動(dòng)一段距離至虛
線位置,觀察者仍在A點(diǎn)將看到S0的像點(diǎn)S,的位置在
A.在S1點(diǎn)正上方 B.在S1點(diǎn)正下方 C.在s1點(diǎn)左上方 D.仍在S1點(diǎn)
18.汞原于的能級(jí)如圖所示,現(xiàn)讓一束光予能量為8.8eV的
單色光照射到大量處于基態(tài)(量子數(shù)n=1)的汞原子上
能發(fā)出6種不同頻率的色光.下列說法中正確的是
A.最大波長光子的能量為1.1ev
B.最大波長光子的能量為2.8eV
C.最大頻率光子的能量為2.BeV
D.最大頻率光子的能量為4.9eV
19.在一定條件下,讓質(zhì)子獲得足夠大的速度,當(dāng)兩個(gè)質(zhì)子p以相等的速率對(duì)心正碰,將發(fā)生下列反 應(yīng):P+P→P+P+P+ 其中是P反質(zhì)于(反質(zhì)子與質(zhì)子質(zhì)量相等,均為m,且?guī)б粋(gè)單位負(fù) 電荷),則以下關(guān)于該反應(yīng)的說法錯(cuò)誤的是
A.反應(yīng)前后系統(tǒng)總動(dòng)量皆為0
B.反應(yīng)過程系統(tǒng)能量守恒
C。根據(jù)愛因斯坦質(zhì)能方程可知,反應(yīng)前每個(gè)質(zhì)子的能量最小為2mpc2:
D.根據(jù)愛因斯坦質(zhì)能方程可知,反應(yīng)后單個(gè)質(zhì)子的能量可能小于mpc2
20.如圖甲所示,O點(diǎn)為振源,0P=s,t=0 時(shí)刻0點(diǎn)由平衡位置 開始向下運(yùn)動(dòng),產(chǎn)生向右沿直線傳播的簡諧橫波,圖乙為 點(diǎn)的振動(dòng)圖像(從t1時(shí)刻開始振動(dòng)),則以下說法正確的是
A.該波的頻率為l/t1
B.t2時(shí)刻p點(diǎn)速度最大,方向沿y軸正方向
C這列波的波長為s(t2-t1)/t1
D.若t2時(shí)刻O點(diǎn)處于負(fù)向最大位移處,則S可能為波長的 四分之三
21.用比值法定義物理量是物理學(xué)中一種常用的方法。下面四個(gè)物理量都是用比值法定義的,其中定義式正確的是
A.加速度 a= B.磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度 B=
C.電場強(qiáng)度 D.電阻R=
23.日光燈中有一個(gè)啟動(dòng)器,其中的玻璃泡中裝有氖氣。啟動(dòng)時(shí),玻璃泡中的氖氣會(huì)發(fā)出紅光,這是由于氖原子的
A.自由電子周期性運(yùn)動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生的
B.外層電子受激發(fā)而產(chǎn)生的
C.內(nèi)層電子受激發(fā)而產(chǎn)生的
D.原子核受激發(fā)而產(chǎn)生的
25.如圖所示,是利用放射線自動(dòng)控制鋁板厚度生產(chǎn)的裝置,放射源能放射出a、b、g 三種射線。根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求,該生產(chǎn)線壓制的是
A.a(chǎn)射線 B.b 射線
C.g 射線 D.a(chǎn)、b 和g 射線都行
26.小球從空中自由下落,與水平地面相碰后彈到空中某一高度,其速度―時(shí)間圖象如圖所示,則由圖可知,下列說法錯(cuò)誤的是( )
A.小球下落的最大速度為
B.小球第一次反彈初速度的大小為
C.小球能彈起的最大高度
D.小球能彈起的最大高度
27.一列向x軸正方向傳播的簡諧橫波在t=0時(shí)的波形如圖所示,A、B、C分別是x=0、x=
A.對(duì)質(zhì)點(diǎn)A來說,在第1s內(nèi)回復(fù)力對(duì)它做正功
B.對(duì)質(zhì)點(diǎn)A來說,在第1s內(nèi)回復(fù)力對(duì)它做負(fù)功
C.對(duì)質(zhì)點(diǎn)B和C來說,在第1s內(nèi)回復(fù)力對(duì)它們做功相同
D.對(duì)質(zhì)點(diǎn)B和C來說,在第1s內(nèi)回復(fù)力對(duì)它們做功相同
28.如圖所示,在折射率大于玻璃折射率的透明液體中,水平放置著一個(gè)長方體玻璃磚。在豎直平面內(nèi)有兩束光線,相互平行、相距為d,斜射到長方體的上表面上,折射后直接射到下表面,然后射出。已知圖中a為紅光、b為紫光,則
A.兩出射光線仍平行,距離大于d
B.兩出射光線仍平行,距離等于d
C.兩出射光線仍平行,距離小于d
D.兩出射光線將不再平行
29.如圖所示,平行于紙面水平向右的勻強(qiáng)磁場,磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B1=1T。位于紙面內(nèi)的細(xì)直導(dǎo)線,長L=
A.T B.T
C.1 T D.T
30.已知氦離子He+能級(jí)En與量子數(shù)n的關(guān)系和氫原子能級(jí)公式類似,處于基態(tài)的氦離子He+的電離能為E=54.4eV。為使處于基態(tài)的氦離子He+處于激發(fā)態(tài),入射光子所需的最小能量為
A.13.6 eV B.40.8 eV C.48.4 eV D.54.4 eV
32.一核反應(yīng)方程:→,用c表示光速,則
A.X是質(zhì)子,核反應(yīng)放出的能量等于質(zhì)子質(zhì)量乘c2
B.X是中子,核反應(yīng)放出的能量等于中子質(zhì)量乘c2
C.X是質(zhì)子,核反應(yīng)放出的能量等于氘核與氚核的質(zhì)量和減去氦核與質(zhì)子的質(zhì)量和,再乘c2
D.X是中子,核反應(yīng)放出的能量等于氘核與氚核的質(zhì)量和減去氦核與中子的質(zhì)量和,再乘c2
33.夏天,海面上的下層空氣的溫度比上層低。我們?cè)O(shè)想海面上的空氣是由折射率不同的許多水平氣層組成的,遠(yuǎn)處的景物發(fā)出的光線由于不斷被折射,越來越偏離原來的方向,以至發(fā)生全反射。人們逆著光線看去就出現(xiàn)了蜃景,如圖所示,下列說法中正確的是
A.海面上上層空氣的折射率比下層空氣的折射率要小
B.海面上上層空氣的折射率比下層空氣的折射率要大
C.A是蜃景,B是景物
D.B是蜃景,A是景物
34.如圖所示,這是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中大部分光電控制設(shè)備用到的光控繼電器的示意圖,它由電源、光電管、放大器、電磁繼電器等幾部分組成,當(dāng)用綠光照射光電管的陰極K時(shí),可以發(fā)生光電效應(yīng),則下列說法正確的是
A.示意圖中,a端應(yīng)是電源的負(fù)極
B.放大器的作用是將光電管中產(chǎn)生的電流放大后,使鐵芯M磁化,將銜鐵N吸住
C.若增大綠光的照射強(qiáng)度,光電子最大初動(dòng)能增大
D.改用紅光照射光電管陰極K時(shí),電路中一定有光電流
35.在下列四個(gè)方程,X1、X2、X3和X4各代表某種粒子,以下判斷中正確的是( )
A. X1是粒子 B. X2是質(zhì)子
C. X3是中子 D. X4是電子
37.一束一價(jià)正離子流垂直于電場方向進(jìn)入勻強(qiáng)電場,若它們飛出電場的偏向角相同(如圖),則可斷定它們進(jìn)入電場時(shí):
A.一定具有相同的質(zhì)量
B.一定具有相同的速度
C.一定具有相同的動(dòng)能
D.一定具有相同的動(dòng)量
38如圖(甲)所示,單匝矩形線圈放在勻強(qiáng)磁場中,線圈按圖示方向以O(shè)O1為轉(zhuǎn)軸勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng).若從圖示位置(線圈平面垂直于磁場方向)開始計(jì)時(shí),并規(guī)定電流方向沿a→b→c→d→a為正方向,則線圈內(nèi)感應(yīng)電流隨時(shí)間變化的圖像是圖(乙)中的哪一個(gè) ( )
39.銀河系的恒星中大約四分之一是雙星。某雙星由質(zhì)量不等的星體S1和S2構(gòu)成,兩星在相互之間的萬有引力作用下繞兩者連線上某一定點(diǎn)O做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)。由天文觀察測得其運(yùn)動(dòng)周期為T,S1到O點(diǎn)的距離為r1、S1到S2間的距離為r,已知引力常量為G。由此可求出S2的質(zhì)量為
A. B. C. D.
40.現(xiàn)有k個(gè)氫原子被激發(fā)到量子數(shù)為3的能級(jí)上,若這些受激氫原子最后都回到基態(tài),則在此過程中發(fā)出的光子總數(shù)是多少?假定處在量子數(shù)為n的激發(fā)態(tài)的氫原子躍遷到各較低能級(jí)的原子數(shù)都是處在該激發(fā)態(tài)能級(jí)上的原子總數(shù)的。
A. B.k C. D.2k
41、下列核反應(yīng)中屬于核聚變的是: ( )
A.
B.
C.+→++
D.
43、a、b兩種色光以相同的入射角從某種介質(zhì)射向真空,光路如圖所示,則以下敘述正確的是 ( )
A.a(chǎn)光的全反射臨界角小于b光的全反射臨界角
B.用同一干涉裝置可看到a光的干涉條紋間距比b光窄
C.在該介質(zhì)中a光的傳播速度大于b光的傳播速度
D.如果b光能使某種金屬發(fā)生光電效應(yīng),a光也一定能使該金屬發(fā)生光電效應(yīng)
44、下列說法中正確的是 ( )
A.電磁波中最容易發(fā)生干涉和衍射現(xiàn)象的是γ射線
B.少數(shù)光子的行為表現(xiàn)為粒子性,大量光子的行為表現(xiàn)為波動(dòng)性
C.吸收光譜中有許多暗線,是由于高溫物體中缺少相應(yīng)的元素
D.在電磁波譜中,X射線與γ射線有很大一部分重疊區(qū)域,因此二者產(chǎn)生的機(jī)理應(yīng)該是一樣的
45、關(guān)于天然放射現(xiàn)象,以下敘述正確的是 ( )
A.若使放射性物質(zhì)的溫度升高,其半衰期將減小
B.β衰變所釋放的電子是原子核內(nèi)的中子轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橘|(zhì)子時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的
C.在α、β、γ這三種射線中,γ射線的電離能力最強(qiáng),α射線的穿透能力最強(qiáng)
D.鈾核()衰變?yōu)殂U核()的過程中,要經(jīng)過8次α衰變和10次β衰變
47、如圖所示,將平行板電容器兩極板分別與電池正、負(fù)極相接,兩板間一帶電液滴恰好處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài).現(xiàn)貼著下板插入一定厚度的金屬板,則在插入過程中 ( )
A.電容器的帶電量不變
B.電路將有順時(shí)針方向的短暫電流
C.帶電液滴仍將靜止
D.帶電液滴將向上做加速運(yùn)動(dòng)
48、在發(fā)射地球同步衛(wèi)星的過程中,衛(wèi)星首先進(jìn)入橢圓軌道Ⅰ,然后在Q點(diǎn)通過改變衛(wèi)星速度,讓衛(wèi)星進(jìn)入地球同步軌道Ⅱ。則 ( )
A.該衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射速度必定大于
B.衛(wèi)星在同步軌道Ⅱ上的運(yùn)行速度大于
C.在軌道Ⅰ上,衛(wèi)星在P點(diǎn)的速度小于在Q點(diǎn)的速度
D.衛(wèi)星在Q點(diǎn)通過加速實(shí)現(xiàn)由軌道Ⅰ進(jìn)入軌道Ⅱ
49、一列簡諧橫波在某時(shí)刻的波形如圖所示,此時(shí)刻質(zhì)點(diǎn)P的速度為v,經(jīng)過0.2s它的速度大小、方向第一次與v相同,再經(jīng)過1.0s它的速度大小、方向第二次與v相同,則下列判斷中錯(cuò)誤的有 ( 。
A.波沿+x方向傳播,波速為
B.質(zhì)點(diǎn)M與質(zhì)點(diǎn)Q的位移大小總是相等、方向總是相反
C.若某時(shí)刻M質(zhì)點(diǎn)到達(dá)波谷處,則P質(zhì)點(diǎn)一定到達(dá)波峰處
D.從圖示位置開始計(jì)時(shí),在2.2s時(shí)刻,質(zhì)點(diǎn)P的位移為
50、在研究材料A的熱膨脹特性時(shí),可采用如圖所示的干涉實(shí)驗(yàn)法.A的上表面是一光滑平面,在A的上方放一個(gè)透明的平行板B,B與A上表面平行,在它們間形成一個(gè)厚度均勻的空氣膜。現(xiàn)在用波長為λ的單色光垂直照射,同時(shí)對(duì)A緩慢加熱,在B上方觀察到B板的亮度發(fā)生周期性地變化.當(dāng)溫度為t1時(shí)最亮,然后亮度逐漸減弱至最暗;當(dāng)溫度升到t2時(shí),亮度再一次回到最亮.則: ( )
A.出現(xiàn)最亮?xí)r,B上表面反射光與A上表面反射光疊加后加強(qiáng)
B.出現(xiàn)最亮?xí)r,B下表面反射光與A上表面反射光疊加后相抵消
C.溫度從t
D.溫度從t
52.下列說法中錯(cuò)誤的是
A.電阻率是表征材料導(dǎo)電性能的物理量,電阻率越小,導(dǎo)電的性能越好
B.利用半導(dǎo)體的導(dǎo)電特點(diǎn)可以制成有特殊用途的光敏、熱敏電阻
C.超導(dǎo)體是指某些金屬的溫度升高到某一數(shù)值時(shí),它的電阻突然降為零而所處的狀態(tài)
D.有些合金的電阻率幾乎不受溫度的影響,通常用它們制成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻
54.已知一電容器充電后與電源斷開,有一質(zhì)量為m、電荷量為q的帶電粒子靜止于該電容器兩平行板的中間,現(xiàn)在兩板間貼近下板插入一個(gè)厚度為極板間距離1/4的金屬板,如圖所示,則關(guān)于兩板間的電壓及帶電粒子的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況,下列說法中正確的是
A.兩板間電壓U增大,帶電粒子向上加速B.兩板間電壓U不變,帶電粒子仍保持靜止
C.兩板間電壓U減小,帶電粒子仍保持靜止D.兩板間電壓U減小,帶電粒子向下加速
57.分別對(duì)兩個(gè)電源測電源的電動(dòng)勢(shì)和內(nèi)電阻,其電流和路端電壓的關(guān)系圖如右圖所示,則應(yīng)有
A.當(dāng)U1=U2時(shí),電源的總功率P1=P2 B.當(dāng)U1=U2時(shí),外電阻R1=R2
C.當(dāng)I1=I2時(shí),電源輸出功率P出1<P出2 D.當(dāng)I1=I2時(shí),電源內(nèi)部消耗的電功率P內(nèi)1<P內(nèi)2
58.如圖所示,A、B、C、D為勻強(qiáng)電場中相鄰的兩個(gè)等勢(shì)面,一個(gè)電子垂直經(jīng)過等勢(shì)面D時(shí)的動(dòng)能為20eV,經(jīng)過等勢(shì)面C時(shí)的電勢(shì)能為-10ev,到達(dá)等勢(shì)面B時(shí)的速度恰好為零,已知相鄰等勢(shì)面間的距離為
A.A等勢(shì)面的電勢(shì)為10V B.勻強(qiáng)電場的場強(qiáng)為200V/m
C.電子再次經(jīng)過D等勢(shì)面時(shí),動(dòng)能為10eV D.電子的運(yùn)動(dòng)是勻變速曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)
59.如圖所示,把一個(gè)帶電小球A固定在光滑的水平絕緣桌面上,在桌面的另一處放置帶電小球B,F(xiàn)給B一個(gè)沿垂直AB方向的速度v0,下列說法中正確的是
A.若A、B為異性電荷,B球一定做圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)
B.若A、B為異性電荷,B球可能做勻變速曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)
C.若A、B為同性電荷,B球一定做遠(yuǎn)離A的變加速曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)
D.若A、B為同性電荷,B球的動(dòng)能一定會(huì)減小
60.一電場的電場強(qiáng)度隨時(shí)間變化的圖象如圖所示,此電場中有一個(gè)帶電粒子,在t=0時(shí)刻由靜止釋放,若帶電粒子只受電場力的作用,則下列判斷正確的是
A.帶電粒子將做往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)
B.4s內(nèi)的總位移為零
C.2s末帶電粒子的速度最大
D.前2s內(nèi),電場力所做的總功為零
61.17世紀(jì)意大利科學(xué)家伽利略在研究運(yùn)動(dòng)和力的關(guān)系時(shí),提出了著名的斜面實(shí)驗(yàn),其中應(yīng)用到的物理思想方法屬于
A.等效替代 B.實(shí)驗(yàn)歸納 C.理想實(shí)驗(yàn) D.控制變量
62.在研究運(yùn)動(dòng)物體不受力會(huì)怎樣時(shí),讓小車從斜面上滑下,觀察在不同的水平面上滑行的距離與什么因素有關(guān),應(yīng)改變
A.平面的粗糙程度 B.小車的質(zhì)量 C.小車開始下滑的高度 D.斜面的坡度
63.下列關(guān)于力的說法中,正確的是
A.做勻速率曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體,受到的作用力的合力一定為零
B.在粗糙平面上滑動(dòng)的物體一定受到滑動(dòng)摩擦力
C.力是物體之間的相互作用,因此相互作用的物體之間,彈力或摩擦力總是成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的
D.不同性質(zhì)的共點(diǎn)力可以合成為一個(gè)力,一個(gè)力也可以分解成幾個(gè)不同性質(zhì)的力
64.某同學(xué)在“研究平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)”的實(shí)驗(yàn)中得到圖中A、B、C、D、E五個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)點(diǎn),圖中關(guān)于偏差較大的B點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生偏差的原因,以下說法中不正確的是
A.由于球沒有放好,在滾下的過程中與軌道的邊緣接觸,使球受到的摩擦力變大
B.小球開始滾下的高度較其他各點(diǎn)低C.小球離開斜槽后與白紙有接觸
D.實(shí)驗(yàn)者在小球開始滾下時(shí)給了小球一個(gè)初速度
65.在歡慶節(jié)日的時(shí)候,人們會(huì)在夜晚燃放美麗的焰火。按照設(shè)計(jì),某種型號(hào)的裝有焰火的禮花彈從專用炮筒中射出后,在4s末到達(dá)離地面
A
66.一圓柱形飛船的橫截面半徑為r,使這飛船繞中心軸O自轉(zhuǎn),從而給飛船內(nèi)的物體提供了“人工重力”。若飛船繞中心軸O自轉(zhuǎn)的角速度為ω,那么“人工重力”中的“重力加速度g”的值與離開轉(zhuǎn)軸O的距離L的關(guān)系是(其中k為比例系數(shù))
A. B.g=kL C. D.
67.一質(zhì)點(diǎn)在xoy平面內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)的軌跡如圖所示,下列判斷正確的是
A.若x方向始終勻速,則y方向先加速后減速
B.若x方向始終勻速,則y方向先減速后加速
C.若y方向始終勻速,則x方向先減速后加速
D.若y方向始終勻速,則x方向一直加速
68.一斜劈被兩個(gè)小樁A和B固定在光滑的水平地面上,然后在斜面上放一物體,如圖所示,以下判斷正確的是
A.若物體靜止在斜面上,則B受到擠壓 B.若物體勻速下滑,則B受到擠壓
C.若物體加速下滑,則A受到擠壓 D.若物體減速下滑,則A受到擠壓
69.如果自行車以速率v轉(zhuǎn)彎,轉(zhuǎn)彎處的半徑為R,這時(shí)自行車與豎直線所成的夾角為α,現(xiàn)將速度增加到2v,同時(shí)半徑也增加到2R,則此時(shí)自行車與豎直線的夾角為β(不計(jì)摩擦力對(duì)向心力的貢獻(xiàn)),那么必有
A.β>2α B.2α>β>α C.β=α D.α>β>
70.同學(xué)們?cè)谟伸o止開始向上運(yùn)動(dòng)的電梯里,把一測量加速度的小探頭固定在一個(gè)質(zhì)量為
建立物理模型
勻加速直線
勻速直線
勻減速直線
時(shí)間段(s)
2.5
9
2.5
平均加速度(m/s2)
0.40
0
0.40
為此同學(xué)們?cè)谟?jì)算機(jī)上畫出了很多圖象,請(qǐng)你根據(jù)上表數(shù)據(jù)和所學(xué)知識(shí)判斷下列圖象(設(shè)F為手提拉力,g=
A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.①③
71、在下列敘述中,符合物理學(xué)史的是( )
(A)托馬斯?楊的干涉實(shí)驗(yàn),有力地證明了光具有波動(dòng)性,
(B)盧瑟福根據(jù)a粒子的散射,提出了原子的核式結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)說,
(C)麥克斯韋提出了光的電磁說,
(D)貝克勒爾通過對(duì)天然放射現(xiàn)象的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)了原子核由質(zhì)子和中子組成
72、用某種單色光照射某種金屬表面,發(fā)生光電效應(yīng),現(xiàn)保持該單色光的頻率不變,并使它的光強(qiáng)減弱,則( )
(A)光電子的最大初動(dòng)能不變,(B)光電子的最大初動(dòng)能減小,
(C)單位時(shí)間內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的光電子數(shù)減少,(D)可能不發(fā)生光電效應(yīng)。
73、在“研究平拋物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)”實(shí)驗(yàn)中,下列各種情況會(huì)造成實(shí)驗(yàn)誤差的有
(A)小球與斜槽之間的摩擦,(B)小球飛離槽口后受到空氣阻力,
(C)小球每次釋放時(shí)高度不同,(D)小球飛行過程中與記錄裝置間有擦碰。
74、在“用單擺測定重力加速度”實(shí)驗(yàn)中,下列說法正確的是( )
(A)擺長必須大于
(B)未知擺球的重心也可以設(shè)法測出重力加速度,
(C)在單擺的擺角從4°減小到2°的過程中可以看作周期不變,
(D)由于秒表走時(shí)誤差,有必要測多次全振動(dòng)求平均周期。
75、靜止在光滑水平面上的物體,受到一個(gè)水平拉力,當(dāng)拉力開始作用瞬間( (A)物體立即具有速度和加速度, (B)物體立即具有加速度但速度為零,
(C)物體立即具有速度但加速度為零,(D)物體的速度和加速度該時(shí)刻都為零。
76、
(A)地球的質(zhì)量(B)地球的平均密度(C)飛船所需的向心力, (D)飛船線速度的大小。
77、如圖,環(huán)形導(dǎo)線和直導(dǎo)線AB相互絕緣,且直導(dǎo)線又緊靠環(huán)的直徑,若直導(dǎo)線被固定不動(dòng),則兩者通以圖示方向的電流后,環(huán)形導(dǎo)線的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況是( )
(A)靜止不動(dòng)(B)以直導(dǎo)線為軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)(C)向上運(yùn)動(dòng)(D)向下運(yùn)動(dòng)。
78、如圖,虛線上方空間有勻強(qiáng)磁場,扇形導(dǎo)線框繞垂直于框面的軸O以角速度w勻角速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),線框中感應(yīng)電流方向以逆時(shí)針為正,那么,能正確表明線框轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一周感應(yīng)電流變化情況的是下列圖中的哪一個(gè)( )
79、沿x軸傳播的橫波,t與(t+0.4 s)在-
( )
(A)該波最大波速為
(B)該波周期的最大可能值為0.4 s,
(C)(t+0.2 s)時(shí),x=
(D)若波沿+x方向傳播,各質(zhì)點(diǎn)剛開始振動(dòng)時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)方向向上。
81.由原子核的衰變規(guī)律可知
(A)放射性元素一次衰變可同時(shí)產(chǎn)生α射線和β射線
(B)放射性元素發(fā)生β衰變,產(chǎn)生的新核的化學(xué)性質(zhì)不變
(C)放射性元素衰變的快慢跟它所處的物理、化學(xué)狀態(tài)有關(guān)
(D)放射性元素發(fā)生正電子衰變時(shí),產(chǎn)生的新核質(zhì)量數(shù)不變,核電荷數(shù)減少l
82.由圖可得出結(jié)論( )
A.質(zhì)子和中子的質(zhì)量之和小于氘核的質(zhì)量
B.質(zhì)子和中子的質(zhì)量之和等于氘核的質(zhì)量
C.氘核分解為質(zhì)子和中子時(shí)要吸收能量
D.質(zhì)子和中子結(jié)合成氘核時(shí)要吸收能量
83.如圖所示,在某一真空空間,有一水平放置的理想平行板電容器充電后與電源斷開,若正極板A以固定直線
(A)直線
(B)正弦曲線
(C)拋物線
(D)向著電場力方向偏轉(zhuǎn)且加速度作周期性變化的曲線
84.如圖所示,理想變壓器原、副線圈的匝數(shù)比為10:1,b是原線圈的中心抽頭,電壓表V 和電流表A均為理想電表,除滑動(dòng)變阻器電阻R以外其余電阻均不計(jì),從某時(shí)刻開始在原線圈c、d兩端加上交變電壓,其瞬時(shí)值表達(dá)式為t(V).下列說法中正確的是
(A)當(dāng)單刀雙擲開關(guān)與a連接時(shí),電壓表的示數(shù)為22V
(B) 時(shí),c、d兩點(diǎn)問的電壓瞬時(shí)值為110V
(C)單刀雙擲開關(guān)與a連接,滑動(dòng)變阻器觸頭向上移動(dòng)的過程中,電壓表和電流表的示數(shù)均變小
(D)當(dāng)單刀雙擲開關(guān)由a扳向b時(shí),電壓表和電流表的示數(shù)均變小
85。如圖所示,ab、cd為兩根水平放置且相互平行的金 屬軌道,相距L,左右兩端各連接一個(gè)阻值均為R 的定值電阻,軌道中央有一根質(zhì)量為m的導(dǎo)體棒 MN垂直放在兩軌道上,與兩軌道接觸良好,棒及軌 道的電阻不計(jì)。整個(gè)裝置處于豎直向下的勻強(qiáng)磁場中,磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度大小為B.棒MN在外驅(qū)動(dòng)力作用下做簡諧運(yùn)動(dòng),其振動(dòng)周期為T,振幅為A,通過中心位置時(shí)的速度為v0 .則驅(qū)動(dòng)力對(duì)棒做功的平均功率為
A. B. C D
86.如圖所示,在絕緣水平面上固定兩個(gè)等量同種電荷P、Q,在PQ連線上的M點(diǎn)由靜止釋放一帶電滑塊,則滑塊會(huì)由靜止開始一直向右運(yùn)動(dòng)到PQ連線上的另一點(diǎn)N而停下,則以下說法正確的是
A.滑塊受到的電場力一定是先減小后增大
B.滑塊的電勢(shì)能一直減小
C.滑塊的動(dòng)能與電勢(shì)能之和可能保持不變
D.PM間距一定小于QN間距
87.某同學(xué)在做測定玻璃磚折射率的實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),第一次將法線畫得與界面不垂直,出現(xiàn)如圖(a)所示的傾斜;第二次在放置玻璃磚時(shí),將玻璃磚的平面沒有與aa`重合,出現(xiàn)如圖(b)所示的偏差,設(shè)玻璃磚折射率的真實(shí)值為n,第一次的測量值為n1,第二次的測量值為n2,則
(A)n〈n1 n〈n2 (B) n〉n1 n〉n2
(C) n〉n1 n〈n2 (D) n〈n1 n〉n2
88.已知汞原子可能的能級(jí)為E1=-10.4 eV,E2=-5.5 eV, E3=-2.7 eV,E4=-1.6 eV。一個(gè)自由電子的總能量為9 eV,與處于基態(tài)的汞原子發(fā)生碰撞,已知碰撞過程中不計(jì)汞原子動(dòng)量的變化,則電子可能剩余的能量為
(A)0.2 eV (B)1.4 eV (C)2.3 eV (D)5.5 eV
90.如圖所示的裝置是一位物理學(xué)家沒計(jì)的一種使用釷的“永動(dòng)機(jī)”.它是在密閉的玻璃球殼1中,放入玻璃管2,將具有放射性的釷鹽3密封在玻璃管中,4是兩片彼此緊靠的金屬箔,5是貼在玻璃球殼內(nèi)側(cè)的金屬板,金屬板接地.這個(gè)裝置之所以稱為“永動(dòng)機(jī)”,是當(dāng)兩片金屬箔吸收到放射線而帶同種電荷時(shí)則不停地排斥,每次排斥時(shí)向左右張開,觸到金屬板的內(nèi)壁,立即收回,如此往復(fù),形成金屬箔的“永動(dòng)”.下列說法中正確的是
(A)金屬箔是由于吸收到α射線而張開的
(B)金屬箔是由于吸收到β射線而張開的
(C)此裝置可看作是第一類永動(dòng)機(jī)
(D)此裝置可看作是第二類永動(dòng)機(jī)
91.元素X的原子核可用符號(hào)表示,其中a、b為正整數(shù),下列說法中正確的是
A.a(chǎn)等于原子核中的質(zhì)子數(shù),b等于原子核中的中子數(shù)
B.a(chǎn)等于原子核中的中子數(shù),b等于原子核中的質(zhì)子數(shù)
C.a(chǎn)等于原子核中的核子數(shù),b等于原子核中的質(zhì)子數(shù)
D.a(chǎn)等于原子核中的質(zhì)子數(shù),b等于原子核中的核子數(shù)
92.頻率為ν的光照到某金屬材料時(shí),產(chǎn)生光電子的最大初動(dòng)能為Ekm,若改用頻率為2ν的光照射同一金屬材料,則所產(chǎn)生光電子的最大初動(dòng)能為(h為普朗克常量)
A.2Ekm B.Ekm+hν C.Ekm-h(huán)ν D.Ekm+2hν
93.抽取高強(qiáng)度纖維細(xì)絲時(shí)可用激光監(jiān)控其粗細(xì),如圖所示,觀察激光束經(jīng)過細(xì)絲時(shí)在光屏上所產(chǎn)生的條紋即可判斷細(xì)絲粗細(xì)的變化
A.這主要是光的干涉現(xiàn)象
B.這主要是光的散射現(xiàn)象
C.如果屏上條紋變寬,表明抽制的絲變粗
D.如果屏上條紋變寬,表明抽制的絲變細(xì)
94.如圖所示,MN是暗室墻上的一把直尺,一束寬度為a的平行白光垂直射向MN.現(xiàn)將一橫截面積是直角三角形(頂角A為30°)的玻璃三棱鏡放在圖中位置,且使其截面的直角邊AB與MN平行,則放上三棱鏡后,射到直尺上的光將
A.被照亮部分上移
B.被照亮部分的寬度不變
C.上邊緣呈紫色,下邊緣呈紅色
D.上邊緣呈紅色,下邊緣呈紫色
95.2006年美國NBA全明星賽非常精彩,最后東部隊(duì)以2分的微弱優(yōu)勢(shì)取勝,本次比賽的最佳隊(duì)員為東部隊(duì)的詹姆斯,假設(shè)他在某次投籃過程中對(duì)籃球做功為W,出手高度為h1,籃筐距地面高度為h2,球的質(zhì)量為,不計(jì)空氣阻力,則籃球進(jìn)筐時(shí)的動(dòng)能為:
A.W+; B.-W;
C.-W; D.W+。
96.如圖所示是示波管工作的原理示意圖,電子經(jīng)電壓U1加速后以速度v0垂直進(jìn)入偏轉(zhuǎn)電場,離開電場時(shí)的偏轉(zhuǎn)量為h.兩平行板間的距離為d,電勢(shì)差為U2,板長為L.為了提高示波管的靈敏度(即每單位電壓引起的偏轉(zhuǎn)量),可采取的方法是
A.增大兩板間電勢(shì)差U2 B.減小板長L
C.減小兩板間距離d D.增大加速電壓U1
97、科技館中有一個(gè)展品,如圖所示,在較暗處有一個(gè)不斷均勻滴水的龍頭。在一種特殊的燈光照射下,可觀察到一個(gè)個(gè)下落的水滴。緩緩調(diào)節(jié)水滴下落的時(shí)間間隔到適當(dāng)情況,可看到一種奇特的現(xiàn)象,水滴似乎不再往下落,而是固定在圖中A、B、C、D四個(gè)位置不動(dòng),要出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象,照明光源應(yīng)該滿足(g取
A.普通光源即可;
B.間歇發(fā)光,間隙時(shí)間為1.4s;
C.間歇發(fā)光,間隙時(shí)間為0.14s;
D.間歇發(fā)光,間隙時(shí)間為0.2s。
98.設(shè)人自然步行時(shí)的跨步頻率與手臂自然擺動(dòng)的頻率一致(人手臂自然擺動(dòng)的頻率與臂長的關(guān)系,類似于單擺固有頻率與擺長的關(guān)系),且人的步幅與身高成正比,由此估測人的步行速度v與身高L的關(guān)系為
A.v∝L2 B.v∝L C. D.
99.已知電子質(zhì)量為9.1×10-
導(dǎo)體切割磁感線專題
1.如圖所示,MM′和NN′為一對(duì)足夠長的平行光滑傾斜導(dǎo)軌,導(dǎo)軌平面的傾角θ=30°,導(dǎo)軌相距為L,上端M 、N和定值電阻R用導(dǎo)線相連,并處于垂直導(dǎo)軌平面向上的勻強(qiáng)磁場中,磁場的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度大小為B。質(zhì)量為m的金屬棒ab垂直導(dǎo)軌放置在M、N附近。從靜止開始下滑,通過的路程為d時(shí),速度恰好達(dá)到最大。設(shè)金屬棒的電阻為r,導(dǎo)軌和導(dǎo)線的電阻不計(jì),求:
(1)金屬棒的最大加速度;
(2)金屬棒的最大速度vm;
(3)金屬棒下滑d過程中金屬棒上產(chǎn)生的電熱Q。
(4)電阻R上通過的電量q。
2.如圖6所示,質(zhì)量為m1的金屬棒P在離地h高處從靜止開始沿弧形金屬平行導(dǎo)軌MM′、NN′下滑,水平軌道所在的空間有豎直向上的勻強(qiáng)磁場,磁感強(qiáng)度為B。水平導(dǎo)軌上原來放有質(zhì)量為m2 的金屬桿Q,已知兩桿質(zhì)量之比為3∶4,導(dǎo)軌足夠長,不計(jì)摩擦,m1為已知。求:
(1)兩金屬桿的最大速度分別為多少?
(2)在兩桿運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中釋放出的最大電能是多少?
3. 如圖所示:長為L,電阻r=0.3Ω,質(zhì)量m=
問: (1)此滿偏的表示是么表?說明理由
(2)拉動(dòng)金屬的外力F是多大?
(3)此時(shí)撤去此外力F,金屬棒將逐漸慢
下來,最終停止在導(dǎo)軌上,求從撤去外力到金屬
棒停止運(yùn)動(dòng)的過程中通過電阻R的電量
4、如圖所示,在勻強(qiáng)磁場中豎直放置兩條足夠長的平行導(dǎo)軌,磁場方向與導(dǎo)軌所在平面垂直,磁感強(qiáng)度大小為B0。導(dǎo)軌上端連接一阻值為R的電阻和電鍵K,導(dǎo)軌電阻不計(jì)。兩金屬棒a和b的電阻都為R,質(zhì)量分別為ma=
(1)若將b棒固定,電鍵K斷開,用一豎直向上的恒力F拉a棒,穩(wěn)定后a棒以v1=
(2)若將a棒固定,電鍵K閉合,讓b棒自由下滑,求b棒滑行的最大速度v2。
(3)若將a棒和b棒都固定,電鍵K斷開,使磁感強(qiáng)度從B0隨時(shí)間均勻增加,經(jīng)0.1s后磁感強(qiáng)度增大到2B0時(shí),a棒所受到的安培力大小正好等于a棒的重力,求兩棒間的距離h。
5.如圖所示,有上下兩層水平放置的平行光滑導(dǎo)軌,間距是L,上
層導(dǎo)軌上擱置一根質(zhì)量為m,電阻是R的金屬桿ST,下層導(dǎo)軌末端緊接著兩根豎直平面內(nèi)的半徑為r的光滑絕緣半圓形軌道,在靠近半圓形軌道處擱置一根質(zhì)量也是m,電阻也是R的金屬桿AB。上下兩層平行導(dǎo)軌所在區(qū)域里有一個(gè)豎直向下的勻強(qiáng)磁場。當(dāng)閉合開關(guān)S后,當(dāng)有電荷量q通過金屬桿AB時(shí),桿AB滑過下層導(dǎo)軌,進(jìn)入半圓形軌道并且剛好能通過軌道最高點(diǎn)D′F′后滑上上層導(dǎo)軌。設(shè)上下兩層導(dǎo)軌都是夠長,電阻不計(jì)。
⑴求磁場的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度
⑵求金屬桿AB剛滑到上層導(dǎo)軌瞬間,上層導(dǎo)軌和金屬桿組成的回路中的電流
⑶問從AB滑到上層導(dǎo)軌到具有最終速度這段時(shí)間里上層導(dǎo)軌回路中有多少能量轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮?nèi)能?
6、如圖所示,水平地面上方的H高區(qū)域內(nèi)有勻強(qiáng)磁場,水平界面PP'是磁場的上邊界,磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度為B,方向是水平的,垂直于紙面向里。在磁場的正上方,有一個(gè)位于豎直平面內(nèi)的閉合的矩形平面導(dǎo)線框abcd,ab長為l1,bc長為l2,H>l2,線框的質(zhì)量為m,電阻為R。使線框abcd從高處自由落下,ab邊下落的過程中始終保持水平,已知線框進(jìn)入磁場的過程中的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況是:cd邊進(jìn)入磁場以后,線框先做加速運(yùn)動(dòng),然后做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),直到ab邊到達(dá)邊界PP'為止。從線框開始下落到cd邊剛好到達(dá)水平地面的過程中,線框中產(chǎn)生的焦耳熱為Q。求:
(1) 線框abcd在進(jìn)入磁場的過程中,通過導(dǎo)線的某一橫截面的電量多少?
(2)線框是從cd邊距邊界PP'多高處開始下落的?
(3)線框的cd邊到達(dá)地面時(shí)線框的速度大小是多少?
7.圖中a1b
8.如圖所示, 金屬棒a從高為h處自靜止起沿光滑的弧形導(dǎo)軌下滑, 進(jìn)入光滑導(dǎo)軌的水平部分, 導(dǎo)軌的水平部分處于豎直向下的勻強(qiáng)磁場中. 在水平部分原先靜止有另一根金屬棒b, 兩根棒的質(zhì)量關(guān)系是ma=2mb, 整個(gè)水平導(dǎo)軌足夠長并處于廣闊的勻強(qiáng)磁場中.
(1) 當(dāng)金屬棒剛進(jìn)入磁場的瞬間, 兩棒的加速度大小之比是多少?
(2) 假設(shè)金屬棒a始終沒跟金屬棒b相碰, 則兩棒的最終速度各多大?
(3) 在上述整個(gè)過程中兩根金屬棒和導(dǎo)軌所組成的回路中消耗的電能是多少?
9.矩形線框的質(zhì)量m=
(1)磁場的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度;
(2)如果線框下邊通過磁場所經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間為△t=0.15s,求磁場區(qū)域的高度h2。
.
1.(1)當(dāng)金屬棒的速度為零時(shí),加速度最大。
(2):
(3):
(4): q=
2 (1):即為Q棒最大速度。
(2):
3、(1)電壓表
(2) 1.6N (3)
4: (1)
(2):
(3):
5:(1)
(3)
6 :(1): (2) (3)
7 (1) P=R(m1+m2)g
(2) Q=[]2R
8: (1)
(2):
8.(1) 1∶ 2 (2) 都是 (3)
9.(1)B=0.4T;(2)h2=
提示:(1)剛進(jìn)入磁場時(shí),線框的速度v==
(2)線框勻速下落l用時(shí)t1=l/v=0.05 s,剩下的時(shí)間t2=Δt-t1=0.1 s內(nèi)做初速度為v,加速度為g的勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)的位移s=vt2+gt22=
陜西師大附中2008-2009學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期中考試
高一年級(jí)英語試題
命題人:秦曉敏 審題人:張偉
第I卷(共70分)
I.聽力(每題1分,共10分)
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分,滿分5分)
1. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman is a close friend of the man.
B. The woman is tired of her work.
C. The woman is seeing a doctor.
2. What is the woman’s opinion?
A. She doesn’t enjoy the drive very much.
B. It’s years since she drove anywhere for pleasure.
C. She doesn’t agree with the drive.
3. What does the woman mean?
A. She has forgotten to phone the man.
B. She doesn’t like to call the man.
C. She is too busy to ring the man.
4. What has the man bought?
A. Shirt
B. Sweater
C. Skirt
5. What is the man doing?
A. Buying a ship ticket for next week.
B. Buying a Hamburger for his breakfast.
C. Buying a newspaper.
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分,滿分5分)
聽第6段材料,回答第6至7題。
6. When must the boys get on the coach?
A. 1:30
B. 12:50
C. 2:30
7. Where will the boys meet?
A. At the school park.
B. At the gym.
C. At the school car park
聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題。
8. What does the man want to buy?
A. A cap.
B. A cup
C. A cat.
9. What is the price?
A. 125 yuan.
B. 255 yuan.
C. 225 yuan.
10. What size should the man take?
A. Size 58.
B. We don’t know.
C. Size 59
II.單項(xiàng)選擇(每題1分,共15分)
11. She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. wouldn’t
B. needn’t
C. can’t
D. shouldn’t
12. -What do you think of the grammar book?
-Oh, it really is _____ useful reference book, which is worth reading ____ second time.
A. a, a
B. an, the
C. an, a
D.the, the
13. It’s getting dark. We’d better _______ in a hotel for the night.
A. set up
B. set out
C. settle down
D. settle up
14.The last time we had great fun
was _____ we were visiting the
A. where
B. how
C. when
D. why
15. Why not get some work experience first______ go straight on to university?
A. other than
B. rather than
C. more than
D. less than
16. According to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding(登機(jī)).
A. may
B. can
C. would
D. should
17. -Your mother becomes more and more forgetful.
-Yes. She searched for her cell phone for a whole day last Sunday but it ______ in her coat pocket the next day.
A. turned out
B. turned on
C. turned over
D. turned up
18. He could see the tall chimneys of the factory _________.
A. from distance
B. in distance
C. in the distance
C. to distance
19. He apologized ________ late.
A. to his teacher to arrive
B. to his teacher for arriving
C. at his teacher to arrive
C. at his teacher for arriving
20. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
A. what
B. why
C. whom
D. which
21. ― Anything new in the new regulations?
― They will be ______ to us all.
A. of great benefit
B. do harms
C. do many good
D. for the benefit
22. She made a promise _______ she would help when I was in trouble.
A. when
B. which
C. that
D. what
23. Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
A. must
B. may
C. shall
D. should
24. _____ is known to
us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in
A. It
B. What
C. As
D. Which
25. He wanted the girl he was looking forward ____ __ stay with him.
A. for; to
B. to; with
C. to; to
D. with; to
III.完形填空(每題1分,共15分)
Scientists have always wanted to know more about the other worlds in space. They have looked at them 26 the telescope and in this way they have found out 27 . They know, for example, many facts about the moon.
The moon is about 384,000 kilometers 28 the earth. A plane can not fly to the moon because there isn’t enough air. But a rocket can fly even when there is no air.
“How does a rocket fly?” If you want to know, get a balloon and then blow it up 29 it is quite big. Do not 30 the neck of the balloon. Let it go 31 and see 32 happens. The balloon will fly off through the air very quickly. The air inside the balloon 33 out. It rushes out through the neck balloon and this pushes the balloon through the air. It does not need wings 34 .
This is
Rockets can fly far out into
space. Rockets with men inside them have already 39 the moon . Someday rockets may be
able to go
26.A. through
B. towards
C. across
D. into
27.A. a lot of
B. lots of
C. a great deal of
D. a great deal
28.A. away far
B. away from
C. far from
D. far to
29.A. when
B. while
C. until
D. as
30.A. tie up
B. take up
C. put up
D. hold up
31.A. carefully
B. slowly
C. suddenly
D. quickly
32.A. that
B. what
C. which
D. whether
33.A. try to get
B. trying to get
C. tried to get
D. tries to get
34.A. to fly
B. flying
C. its own
D. of it
35.A. what
B. how
C. which
D. where
36.A. runs
B. goes
C. works
D. flies
37.A. shall
B. may
C. can
D. must
38.A. but
B. and
C. so
D. therefore
39.A. got
B. arrived
C. reached to
D. reached
40.A. anywhere
B. everywhere
C. somewhere
D. nowhere
IV.閱讀理解(每題2分,共30分)
A
Our eating habits are very
important for good health and a strong body. There are times when most of us
would rather eat sweets and ice-cream than meat and rice. Sweets and ice-cream
are not bad if we eat them at the end of a meal. If we eat them before a meal,
they may take away our appetite(食欲).
It is important for us to eat our meals at the same time each day. When we feel
hungry, it is a sign that our body needs food. When we feel angry or excited,
we may not want to eat. A long time ago, in
41. It is good to eat sweets and ice-cream ____.
A. when we are hungry .
B. when we want to
C. after the meal
D. before the meal
42. We'd better have our meals ____.
A. at the same time each day
B. when our work is over
C. when the meal is still hot
D. when every one of the family is home
43. According to the judges in
A. eats dry bread easily
B. eats dry bread with difficulty
C. eats a lot of dry bread
D. drinks milk with difficulty
B
People in the United States honor their parents with two special days:Mother’s Day, on the second Sunday in May,and Father’s Day, on the third Sunday in June. These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care. These two days make us think about the changing roles of mothers and fathers. More mothers now work outside the home. More fathers must help with child care.
These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother’s Day people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is dead. Many people attend religious services to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery(墓地). On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Father’s Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.
Another tradition is to give cards and gifts. Children make them in school. Many people make their own presents. These are valued more than the ones bought in stores. It is not the value of the gift that is important, but it is “the thought that counts”. Greeting card stores, florists, candy makers, bakeries, telephone companies, and other stores do a lot of business during these holidays.
44. Which of the following is NOT a reason for children to show love and respect for parents?
A. Parents bring up children.
B. Parents give love and care to children.
C. Parents educate children to be good persons.
D. Parents pass away before children grow up.
45.What do you think “florists” do?
A.They sell flowers.
B.They make and sell bread.
C.They offer enough room for having family parties.
D.They sell special gifts for Mother’s Day and Father’s Day.
46.What do you know from the passage?
A. Mother’s Day and Father’s Day are both in May.
B. Fewer women worked outside the home in the past.
C. Not all the children respect their parents.
D. Fathers are not as important as mothers at home.
47.On Mother’s Day and Father’s Day,__________.
A. people usually have family parties
B. everyone goes to visit the cemetery
C. children always go to parents’ home
D. hand-made cards are the most valuable gifts
C
If you go into the forest with friends, stay with them. If you don’t, you may get lost. If you get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends―let them find you. You can help them find you by staying in one place.There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you.You can shout or whistle three times.Stop.Then shout or whistle three times again.Any signal given three times is a call for help.
Keep up shouting or whistling. Always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making a noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They will give you two shouts or two whistles. When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help. If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches. Make yourself a bed with leaves and grass.
When you need some water, you have to leave your little branch house to look for it. Don’t just walk away.Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk in order to go back again easily. When you are lost, the most important thing to do is to stay in one place.
48.If you get lost in the forest, you should___________.
A.try to find your friends
B.stay in one place and give signals
C.walk around the forest
D.shout as loudly as possible
49.When you hear two shouts or two whistles, you know that________.
A.someone is afraid of an animal
B.people will come to help you
C.someone needs help
D.something terrible will happen
50.What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence?
A.Leave branches to find your way back.
B.Pick off branches to build another house.
C.Use branches to make a bed.
D.Drop branches to look for water.
51.The main idea of the passage is__________.
A.how to travel in the forest
B.how to spend the night in the forest
C.what you should do if you want to get some water
D.what you should do if you are lost in the forest
D
How much
paper do you use every year? Maybe you can’t answer this question quickly. In
1900 the world’s use of paper was about one kilogram for each person in a year.
Now some countries use 50 kilograms of paper for each person in a year. But
countries like
Paper was first made in
When
we think of paper, we think of newspapers, books and writing paper. But there
are many other uses. Only half of the paper is used for books and things like
that. Paper is very good for keeping you warm. Houses are often insulated(使絕緣, 隔離 ) with
paper. You may see some men asleep on a large number of newspapers. They’re
insulating themselves from the cold. In
Each year more and more things are made of paper. We have had paper cups and plates for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables and even beds can be made of paper. With paper boots and shoes, you can wear paper hats, paper dresses and paper raincoats. When you have used them away and buy new ones. People have made paper boats, but they haven’t made paper planes or cars. Just wait they perhaps will.
52. ______ use more paper than other countries.
A. Sweden
B. America
C. England
D. A, B and C
53. When was
paper first made in southern
A. 2000 years ago
B. In 1100
C. In 1500
D. In 1900
54. Why do farmers in
A.Because they are so poor that they can buy only paper boots.
B.Because there are no other kinds of boots there.
C.Because paper boots are warmer than anything else there.
D.Because paper boots are so nice that they don’t like other kinds.
55. What should the best title of passage be?
A.Paper and Its Uses
B.Paper and Its History
C.Paper Was First Made
in
D.How Much Paper Is Used in A Year
陜西師大附中2008-2009學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期中考試
高一年級(jí)英語試題
第II卷(共30分)
I .單詞拼寫(每題1分,共10分)
1. He was very __________(暴躁的)when he got drunk
2. I’ll tell him the news on his _________ (到達(dá))
3. The patient is __________(稍微) better today.
4. Go __________(向東)to the end of the street and you will find the
book.
5. In some countries, people eat too much fat and sugar. They should
eat a _____ (平衡的)diet to keep healthy.
6. The sunrise is a beautiful ___________(景象)
7. We are not _______(允許) to swim in the river. It’s too dangerous.
8. The professor has brought in a good ________ (系統(tǒng)) of
teaching languages from abroad.
9. Now we still don’t know whether life __________(存在) on Mars.
10.The house was _______ (圍繞)by high walls
II語法填空(每小題1分,滿分10分)
閱讀下面短文,按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空,并將答案填寫在題目后標(biāo)號(hào)為
One day, Henry
Adam, an American businessman, sailed out of the bay. ___11___ (luck), he was
carried out to sea by a strong wind. Just when hope was about gone, he was
picked up by a ship for
On the following morning Henry was wandering on the pavement ___13___a window behind him was raised, and a gentleman asked him to step in. He__14___(show) into a room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. A couple of days before these two old and wealthy brothers had been having a hot argument__15__might happen to a stranger in London __16__a friend and with no money except a million-pound bank-note. One said he__17__(starve) to death; the other said he wouldn't. So they agreed to decide it by a bet. They wrote__18__letter with the million-pound bank-note in it. Then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to until Henry came along.
After___19___had
his story, one of them handed Henry an envelope, and said he would find the explanation
inside. After promising__20__ to open it until
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
六、書面表達(dá):(滿分10分)
給你的筆友Lora寫一封信,簡單介紹中國農(nóng)歷新年。包括以下要點(diǎn):
1. 春節(jié)對(duì)中國人來說是最重要的節(jié)日,在農(nóng)歷第一天;
2. 除夕夜家人團(tuán)圓聚餐,人們通常會(huì)放鞭炮來迎接新年的到來;
3. 走訪親朋好友相互表達(dá)問候祝愿;
4. 給小孩壓歲錢;前三天通常有舞獅或其它表演活動(dòng)。
參考詞匯:農(nóng)歷the lunar calendar 鞭炮fireworks
問候greeting 壓歲錢lucky money
舞獅 lion dances
詞數(shù):80詞左右。
陜西師大附中2008-2009學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期中考試
高一年級(jí)英語試題答案
聽力原文
Text 1
M:Hello,Mrs. White,what can I do for you?
W:I don’t know what’s the matter with me?I’m always feeling tired.I’m usually worn out at the end of the day.
Text 2
M:We have plenty of time,you see.We won’*have to get back until late.So I think we should take the chance and see a bit of the countryside for a change.
W:I haven’t enjoyed a drive so much for ages.
Text 3
M:Oh, hello, Mary. I’d been expecting a call from you.I thought you said you were going to ring last night.
W:Yes.I know. It’s terrible.I just never seem to have a moment to spare these days.
Text 4
W: Have you got Mary's birthday present yet?
M: Yes. 1 got a shirt.
W: But I told you to get her a pullover or a skirt.
M: I know. But this shirt is very nice. Look!
Text 5
W: Good morning. What can I do for you?
M: is there a ship sailing for
W: Yes, there is. The
M: Nine. Can you let me have a cabin for two?
W: Let me see. Yes, we can.
Text 6
W: When must the boys get on the coach?
M: The football match starts at
Text 7
W: What can 1 do for you?
M: I'd like a fur cap, please.
W: What kind would you like? One of these, perhaps
M: Ah, that will do nicely. Can I try it on?
W: Certainly. This is a very popular cap, and it's of good quality, too.
M: What fur is it?
W: Sheep. What size do you take?
M: I' m not quite sure. I don't know Chinese sizes.
W: This is a 59. How does it fit?
M: Hmm. Good. How do I look?
W: It looks good on you.
M: How much shall I pay?
W: Two hundred and fifty-five.
聽力1-5 CBCAA 6-10 BCABC
單選 11-15 CAACB 16-20 DDCBA 21-25 ACBBC
完型 26-30 ADBCA 31-35 CBDAB 36-40 CDADA
閱讀41-43 CAB 44-47 DABD 48-51BBAD 52-55 DBCA
單詞拼寫 1. violent 2. arrival 3. slightly 4. eastwards
5. balanced 6. scene/ sight 7 permitted/ allowed 8. system
9 exists 10 surrounded
語法填空
11.Unluckily 12. working 13. when 14. was shown 15. what 16. without 17. would starve 18. a 19.they 20. not
作文
The Chinese New Year is the most important
festival for the Chinese people. It falls on the first day of the first month
in the Chinese lunar calendar. On New Year’s Eve they have a family feast,
people eat dumplings, fish and meat. After that they stay up to
陜西師大附中2008―2009學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期中考試
高一年級(jí)化學(xué)試題
審題人 羅 春
可能用到的原子量:H―1 C―12 N―14 O―16 P―31 S―32 Cl―35.5
第Ⅰ卷(選擇題,共55分)
秦渠中學(xué)2009中考數(shù)學(xué)模擬試卷
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