高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)一

  胡小力 馬燕  范存智

（一）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，在漢語(yǔ)中，無(wú)論動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在，還是將來(lái)，動(dòng)詞的寫法是不變的。因此，受漢語(yǔ)思維的影響，中國(guó)學(xué)生在寫英語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤屢見(jiàn)不鮮。

例1，時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不一致：

錯(cuò)誤：Over the last 100 years, there were a lot of great inventions happening in human society.

正確：Over the last 100 years, there have been a lot of great inventions happening in human society.

Over the last 100 years 表示持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間，因此，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，類似的短語(yǔ)還有 during the past/the last few days, in the past/the last few months等。

例2，時(shí)態(tài)的相互呼應(yīng)不一致：

錯(cuò)誤： I asked my mother to buy me a new dress, but doesn’t have enough money for it.

正確 ：I asked my mother to buy me a new dress, but she didn’t have enough money for it. 并列句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該一致。

由于動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是初中語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的內(nèi)容，很多高三考生在備考中并不重視動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的復(fù)習(xí)。然而，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)作為語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的主干知識(shí)，是高考英語(yǔ)必須過(guò)關(guān)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的掌握為動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的掌握奠定了重要的基礎(chǔ)。初中所學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)基本上停留在基本概念的學(xué)習(xí)和理解，缺乏綜合運(yùn)用方面的訓(xùn)練。但是，高考英語(yǔ)對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的考查，要求考生要具備動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)靈活運(yùn)用的能力，例如寫作試題，很多考生由于動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)差，導(dǎo)致所寫短文無(wú)法上檔次、得高分。近幾年高考英語(yǔ)的單選試題，很多考生由于動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的綜合性和語(yǔ)境化運(yùn)用能力不強(qiáng)導(dǎo)致丟分。

語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的備考重點(diǎn)可以概括為：“321”，即3個(gè)一般時(shí)、2個(gè)進(jìn)行時(shí)和1個(gè)完成時(shí)，尤其是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法是考查熱點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用途之廣及其重要性，除現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去和將來(lái)之外，遠(yuǎn)為其它時(shí)態(tài)所不及。這主要是因?yàn)椋�現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)目前狀況產(chǎn)生的影響或延續(xù)到目前的狀況，這一功能也是一般過(guò)去時(shí)所不具備的。例如：China has always been on the side of all those peace-loving countries. 該句通過(guò)完成時(shí)既陳述了中國(guó)的立場(chǎng)，也表達(dá)了中國(guó)對(duì)愛(ài)好和平國(guó)家的支持，還顯示出中國(guó)的氣質(zhì)和態(tài)度。一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)能傳示出如此之廣的信息，當(dāng)屬英語(yǔ)這一時(shí)態(tài)的獨(dú)到之處。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的功用基本為以下五點(diǎn)：

1）  對(duì)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作的結(jié)局的總結(jié):

They have completed the whole project.

---You have left the light on.

  ---Oh, so I have. I’ll go     and turn it off. (NMET2000)

The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I have ever had before. (NMET2005)

2）  對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作持續(xù)到目前或延續(xù)到將來(lái)的過(guò)程描述:

I have thought that there’s something more important than money.

3）交待過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或行為對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響：

   I have seen the book already.

   The price has gone down, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET99)

   Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. （NMET98）

4）表示某一時(shí)段內(nèi)某種動(dòng)作或行為的重復(fù)性或固定性：

   I have told her how to use the computer.

5）在條件句中表示將來(lái)要完成的動(dòng)作：

   By the time I have read the whole book through, I’ll let you know what I think about the book.

就跟隨現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的狀語(yǔ)而言，其數(shù)目也遠(yuǎn)比某些其它時(shí)態(tài)要多得多。這就從另一個(gè)側(cè)面反映了該時(shí)態(tài)的重要性。還有一些難點(diǎn)是：不表示現(xiàn)在完成意義的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

1）  已故偉人的言行

Newton has explained the movements of the moon from the attractions of the earth.

Few writers have exposed the evils of the old society of China so penetratingly as Lu Xun has done.

2）  用于時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句里，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)間以前已完成的動(dòng)作

We’ll start at twelve if it has stopped raining by that time.

You must come to call me after I have finished the work.

3）  可以用在when, before, after, until等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是表示將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的“完成”，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)“經(jīng)常性的”做完某事以后。

They often play basketball after they have had supper.

He begins to read English aloud as soon as he has done his exercises.

-- I’m going to leave at the end of this month.

--I don’t think you should do that until you have found another job.

(06北京)

4）  have got表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)��?lái)的意義，相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞have (has) 或will (shall) have

We have got to work tomorrow afternoon though it’s Saturday.

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)中的一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程看似容易，但是，在高考英語(yǔ)中丟分也很常見(jiàn)。例如以下有關(guān)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的高考試題的通過(guò)率基本沒(méi)有過(guò)半，個(gè)別試題的通過(guò)率是單項(xiàng)填空試題中最低的。

1. ---Your phone number again? I _____quite catch it.

---It’s 9568442. (NMET95)

A. didn’t                  B. couldn’t            C. don’t                       D. can’t

2. ---Nancy is not coming tonight.

---But she______! (NMET98)

A. promise                B. promised          C. will promise             D. had promised

3. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____so rapidly. (NMET2001 )

   A. is changing        B. has changed       C. will have changed  D. will change

4. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I _____half of it. (NMET2004)

  A. was missing          B. had missed C. will miss                  D. missed

5. Scientists think that the continents ______ always where they _____today. （北京05年）

  A. aren’t; are             B. aren’t; were        C. weren’t; are         D. weren’t; were

我們可以從以上高考試題中明顯地感悟到，近幾年高考試題通過(guò)增加綜合性與語(yǔ)境化因素，考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用能力已成為試題的考查重點(diǎn)。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的功用大致可分為以下四種：

1）  表示主語(yǔ)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或處于過(guò)去某階段的狀態(tài)，He drank too much. （過(guò)去動(dòng)作）She was very sad.（過(guò)去狀態(tài)）

2）  表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)�；蚍磸�(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，He often came back home late.

3）  表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)連續(xù)發(fā)生的事或動(dòng)作，There was a flood every year in the region.

4）  在條件和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中表示過(guò)去將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，Although he was in poor health, he would not stop working.

使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)應(yīng)該注意三點(diǎn)：

1）  跟隨一般過(guò)去時(shí)的常用副詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；

2）  動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式語(yǔ)用的準(zhǔn)確把握，切記過(guò)去時(shí)只是用來(lái)反映過(guò)去某階段所發(fā)生的事情，牽涉對(duì)目前的影響；

3）  動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的正確拼寫。

將來(lái)時(shí)在初中一年級(jí)就已經(jīng)學(xué)到了。但是，一些非將來(lái)時(shí)形式表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間是動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的難點(diǎn)。

非將來(lái)時(shí)形式表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間有以下幾方面：

1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)

 1）The talk is about to begin. “be about to do”通常用于書面語(yǔ)中，表示最近即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不能和表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，但可與now連用。

 2）I’m sure you’ll succeed if you work harder. 用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。

 3）Whatever you say, I will not change my mind. 用于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中

 4）Tomorrow is Sunday.

    I’m thirty in September.

 一些表示日期、年齡等的名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

 5）I’ll give you anything you ask for。

    One who comes will be welcome.

在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，將來(lái)的動(dòng)作應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表將來(lái)

在一些間接引語(yǔ)或類似間接引語(yǔ)的句子中，雖然指的是將來(lái)的行動(dòng)，但為了表明將來(lái)兩件事發(fā)生的先后的時(shí)間關(guān)系，可用過(guò)去時(shí)表示先發(fā)生的那一件事。

   1）I wondered if you were free tonight.

      I thought you would come to know him.

在口語(yǔ)中，表示“試探性”以示客氣和尊重時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)表示將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的行動(dòng)。

   2) If I wrote to my brother tomorrow, he would receive the letter on Tuesday.

在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件從句里，將來(lái)的動(dòng)作必須用過(guò)去時(shí)的形式表示。

 

3、將來(lái)時(shí)的其他用法

1) President to Sign Bill (=President Is Going to Sign the Bill)

在報(bào)刊標(biāo)題中，介詞to常用來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。

2) Tell him to come early when you meet him.

在祈使句里，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，但表示的卻是將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事情。

時(shí)態(tài)與寫作：

在敘事寫人的過(guò)程中，你如果能把握好文章的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)，準(zhǔn)確地使用好動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，才能使敘事的過(guò)程有層次感和立體感。例如以下考生描述自己所經(jīng)歷的一件事：

It was a Monday morning on July 7 when the final examinations came to an end, my mother suddenly decided to take me to Beijing for a trip. I was far more pleased than I expected. We went there by train and stayed in my uncle’s home. Those days we went to the Temple of Heaven, the Zoo of Beijing, the Summer Palace and the Forbidden City. Beijing is not only a city with a long history but also a very modernized one. We can see high buildings everywhere. Beijing’s traffic is very convenient. There are a lot of buses, taxis, minibuses, trolleybuses and subways. Now, various constructional projects are under construction for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. I think when the projects are finished, Beijing will be more beautiful!

該文以一種時(shí)態(tài)為主（過(guò)去時(shí)），多種時(shí)態(tài)為輔，正確、合理地使用了豐富的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，體現(xiàn)了敘述文的語(yǔ)言特征。由于動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用的準(zhǔn)確，使文章有“動(dòng)”感，這種讓往事再現(xiàn)的“動(dòng)感”是優(yōu)秀敘述文所要追求的。

（二）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

      非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。但是它在英語(yǔ)中的作用僅次于動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)是，它在句中不作謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。然而它可以作其他各種成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。其難點(diǎn)是它的動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)；即可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)以及時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式變化。因此，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)，是高分考生必須具備的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞掌握的如何在高考中是可以拉開(kāi)檔次的，是高考中的熱點(diǎn)和失分點(diǎn)。例如以下高考試題通過(guò)率非常低，但是對(duì)一本考生有很好的篩選作用：
 1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____the next year.(NMET2000)

   A. carry out             B. carrying out       C. carried out              D. to carry out

 2. _____such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (NMET2001)

 

   A. Having suffered B. Suffering          C. To suffer           D. Suffered

3. The research is so designed that once_____ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET2002)

   A. begins                B. having begun     C. beginning          D. begun

4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_____ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)

  A. to see                   B. to be seen         C. seeing               D. seen

掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法有以下幾方面的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：

1. 謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)

       錯(cuò)誤：Mary, coming here ? everybody else, stay where you are. (NMET2006)

       正確：Mary, come here ? everybody else, stay where you are.

2. 主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)

       1) 錯(cuò)誤：There have been several new events adding to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. (北京2006)

       正確：There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. 

      2) 錯(cuò)誤：When compared different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江)

         正確：When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 

      3) 錯(cuò)誤：The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses paying vacation to China. (2005北京)

     正確：The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses paid  vacation to China.

4) 錯(cuò)誤：You should understand the traffic rule by now. You have had it explaining often enough. (2005天津)

    正確：You should understand the traffic rule by now. You have had it explained often enough.

3. 動(dòng)作狀態(tài)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表明的動(dòng)作之前

1) 錯(cuò)誤：The manager, making it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting. (2005江西)

正確： The manager, having made it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting

2) 錯(cuò)誤：I remember to call him up this morning and he promised to come.

正確：I remember calling him up this morning and he promised to come.

4. 動(dòng)作狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去還是將來(lái)

1) 錯(cuò)誤：---Is Bob still performing?

             ---I’m afraid not. He is said to leave the stage already as he has become an official. (2005江蘇)

        正確： ---Is Bob still performing?

               ---I’m afraid not. He is said to have left the stage already as he has become an official. 

    5. 搭配to do 還是doing

         1) 錯(cuò)誤：He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk to lose the good

opportunity. (2005上海)

            正確：He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk losing the good

opportunity.

    2) 錯(cuò)誤：The room needs to clean.

       正確：The room needs cleaning / to be cleaned.

    3) 錯(cuò)誤： He hurried to the station only finding that the train had left. (2005廣東)

       正確：He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.

   6. 是不定式的‘to’還是介詞 ‘to’

    1) 錯(cuò)誤：Isn’t it time you got down to mark the papers? （2006重慶）

       正確：Isn’t it time you got down to marking the papers?

    2) 錯(cuò)誤：He is used to live in the north.

       正確：He is used to living in the north.

    3) 錯(cuò)誤：He used to swimming in the small river.

       正確：He used to swim in the small river.

    7. 是 ‘-ed’形式還是 ‘-ing’形式

    1) 錯(cuò)誤：Surprising and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. （2006全國(guó)）

       正確：Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

    2) 錯(cuò)誤：A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left unsatisfying. (2006天津)

      正確：A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left unsatisfied.

    由于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在中學(xué)課本里出現(xiàn)的比較分散，很多考生往往缺乏比較完整系統(tǒng)的概念，特別是它們之間的區(qū)別。

易錯(cuò)易混非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法：

1、to do還是 doing:  

to do 常表示具體的將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，側(cè)重動(dòng)作，而doing往往表示概念性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或事情，側(cè)重事情。

  （1）remember to do 記住要做……(動(dòng)作)

   remember doing 記住做過(guò)……（事情）

  （2）try to do 設(shè)法做……(動(dòng)作)

try doing 嘗試……(事情)

  （3）mean to do 想要/計(jì)劃/打算做……(動(dòng)作)

       mean doing 意味著……(事情)

2、doing 和having done

doing / having done 都表示主動(dòng)，doing表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)或之后發(fā)生，having done側(cè)重動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前；done /having been done 都表示被動(dòng)，done表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，having been done表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前。

 Waiting outside, she felt tired and worried.

 The train leaves Beijing at six, arriving at Tianjin at seven.

 Having done all his work, he went to bed.

 Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (2006福建)

Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (2005湖北)

3、to do / to be doing / to have done / to have been doing

有了時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本概念，不定式各種形式的含義和作用就不難理解和使用。to do / to

be doing / to have done / to have been doing 都表示主動(dòng)，to do往往表示將來(lái)，即在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生，to be doing表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，to have done表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，to have been doing 表示一直持續(xù)到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作；to be done / to have been done 都表示被動(dòng)，前者表示將來(lái)，即在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生，后者表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。

 He is said to study abroad soon.  據(jù)說(shuō)他很快要出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。

 He is said to be studying abroad now. 據(jù)說(shuō)他現(xiàn)在正在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。

 He is said to have studied abroad. 據(jù)說(shuō)他留過(guò)洋。

He is said to have been studying abroad for years. 據(jù)說(shuō)他在國(guó)外留學(xué)多年。

He is said to be given a prize. 據(jù)說(shuō)要給他獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

He is said to have been given a gold medal. 據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)獲得金牌。

4、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式一般表示原因、目的或結(jié)果，但往往都是句型或搭配，而doing的用法比較多，可以表示伴隨、方式、時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步等等。

 The question is too difficult to answer. (結(jié)果)

 The boy is old enough to go to school. (結(jié)果)

 I am glad to meet you. （原因）

 He came early in order/ so as to sit in the first row. （目的）

 In order to sit in the first row, he came early. = To sit in the first row, he came early. （目的）

 He hurried home only to find his dad dead. (結(jié)果)

此外，有一些屬于搭配用法，需要一些強(qiáng)化記憶，經(jīng)常不用自然會(huì)淡忘�？梢钥偨Y(jié)一些規(guī)律性的東西。

 1） 有些動(dòng)詞往往接doing作賓語(yǔ)。如：admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, risk, suggest, understand 等；

 2）有些動(dòng)詞搭配的to是介詞，后面還需接doing或名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如：be(get) used to, look forward to, devote to, object to, subject to, get down to，refer to, stick to等等；

 3）有些是固定搭配。如：spend …(in) doing; hear/see/watch/feel/listen to/look at/observe … do/doing/done; find … doing/done; have … do/doing/done; get … to do/doing/done; leave… doing/ done; make/let … do; make oneself done;

 4) 有些是固定句式。如：There is no need/doubt to do…; It’s no use/good doing…; It remains to be seen …;  Sb/ Sth is said/reported/thought/believed to do…;

 

（一）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)

一、單項(xiàng)填空

試題詳情

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三、短文改錯(cuò)

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一、單項(xiàng)填空

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二、單句填空

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一、單項(xiàng)填空    1-5 AADAD  6-10 CBBDB

二、短文填空

1. happened        2. were carrying     3. pointed    4. would speak 

5. have been living  6. haven’t heard      7. want    8. come 

9. replace         10 have used

三、短文改錯(cuò)

1. is→was         2. had→have     3. scream→screaming  4. house→houses

5. bring→brought   6. did→was done  7. that→because 

8. takes→took      9. As→If        10. be→have been  

四、書面表達(dá)

Since China has become a member of WTO, the price of cars has been going down. More and more families have got or are thinking of buying cars. There are advantages and disadvantages of this. Automobile industry will develop with growing demand of cars. This will provide more job opportunities. More people will be employed in the car repairing. There will be more gas stations, too. And travel is made more convenient than before.

But the building of new roads takes a much longer time than the development of car industry. And many more cars require a much larger parking space. With more cars on the road the problem of air pollution will become even more serious. So I think people will have to think of a way to solve these problems before everything  gets out of control.

（二）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)參考答案：

一、單項(xiàng)填空    1―5 DDAAB 6―10 DCBAC

二、單句填空

1. inviting   2. to tell  3. to talk  4. to be  5. to spend   6. to spell, being taught 

7. trying     8. peeling, wearing, holding, doing    9. hearing, speak 

10. to give, to ask, leaving, listening  11. to remind, revising 

12. hearing   13. to wait, to accept

三、短文填空

1. smoking            2. smoking  3. to be  4. having  5. getting 

6. smoking  7. repairing  8. to give  9. smoking  10. smoking

四、短文改錯(cuò)

1. attendàattending  2. to talkàtalking  3. BelieveàBelieving 4. helpingàto help 

5. to readàreading  6.makingàto make  7.talkingàtalk / toàof  8.Having /\ been  

9. be givenàgive  10.to useàusing