12.Claustrophobia
Claustrophobia,or fear of enclosed spaces,is one of the most common fears.Claustrophobia can be deep fear or even panic as a result of being in a small space.
Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience ( such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game),or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces ( such as being stuck in a lift).(71)DThis response then becomes programmed in the brain,making an association between being in a tight space and feeling anxious or out-of-control.As a result,the person often develops claustrophobia.
According to Mark Powers,Ph.D.,Associate Professor of Psychology at Southern Methodist University,"Claustrophobia is a specific fear and not a type of panic disorder.The primary specific danger forecasts for claustrophobia are that either the person will be trapped or run out of air."
(72)GClaustrophobia symptoms can include:sweating,accelerated heartbeat,upset stomach,passing out,light-headedness,shaking,breathing problem,etc.
Some common situations can cause anxiety in claustrophobia sufferers.The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room,avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car,avoid taking lifts when inside a building,or stand near a door when at a party.(73)E
Claustrophobia can have harmful social and psychological effects,since the patient will often avoid situations in which she thinks she will have an anxiety attack,leading to hiding and sadness.
(74)A According to Dr.Powers,"Exposure treatment,a form of mind-behavioral treatment,usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly."
Flooding is a type of exposure treatment in which the person is exposed to a situation until the anxiety attack passes; a less extreme form of exposure treatment is counter-conditioning.Counter conditioning includes behavior treatment,as the person is taught visualization and relaxation techniques before being slowly reintroduced to the cause situation.
(75)FMedications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart pounding often associated with anxiety attacks.

A.The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable.
B.The past experience can trace back to the moment of birth.
C.According to some doctors,claustrophobia is worse than the fear of heights.
D.When a person experiences such an event,it can often cause a frightening panic attack.
E.In extreme cases,the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person.
F.Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatments.
G.When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space,her body responds in certain ways.

分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了幽閉恐懼癥,它通常是由于曾今被困在有限空間中留下的陰影,主要癥狀有出汗、心跳加速,胃部不適,頭暈,顫抖,呼吸問題等;幽閉恐懼癥患者極其害怕封閉的環(huán)境,幸運(yùn)的是,幽閉恐懼癥是可以治療的.

解答 71.D.推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章第二段"such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game),or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces ( such as being stuck in a lift)"比如被困在一個(gè)小空間在一個(gè)兒時(shí)的游戲中,或來自另一段不愉快的經(jīng)歷與小空間相關(guān)的(比如被困在電梯里),可推測這里應(yīng)為當(dāng)一個(gè)人經(jīng)歷這樣的事件,它往往會導(dǎo)致患上幽閉恐懼癥;故選D.
72.G.推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章文章第四段"Claustrophobia symptoms can include:sweating,accelerated heartbeat,upset stomach,passing out,light-headedness,shaking,breathing problem,etc"幽閉癥會出現(xiàn)出汗、心跳加速,胃部不適,頭暈,顫抖,呼吸問題等癥狀,可推出這里應(yīng)為當(dāng)一個(gè)患有幽閉恐懼癥的人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在一個(gè)有限的空間,她的身體會有一些特定的反應(yīng);故選G.
73.E.推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章第五段"The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room,avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car,avoid taking lifts when inside a building,or stand near a door when at a party"幽閉恐懼癥患者在一個(gè)房間內(nèi)會尋找一個(gè)出口,避免行駛在高速公路或交通擁擠時(shí),避免電梯,或在一個(gè)聚會上站在門附近;可推測在極端的情況下,一個(gè)封閉的門的視覺會導(dǎo)致一個(gè)人的焦慮情緒;故選E.
74.A.推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章第六段","Exposure treatment,a form of mind-behavioral treatment,usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly."可推出前文為幽閉恐懼癥是可以治療的;故選A.
75.F.推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章最后一段"Medications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart pounding often associated with anxiety attacks"藥物幫助治療幽閉恐懼癥,這有助于緩解心跳常與焦慮有關(guān).可推測前文為治療幽閉恐懼癥還包括一些治療藥物或組合治療;故選F.

點(diǎn)評 考察學(xué)生的推理判斷能力和聯(lián)系上下文的能力,在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.此類的填空題一定要聯(lián)系上下文,根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容加上自己的理解,再作出正確的判斷.

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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:短文改錯(cuò)

1.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌的以下作文.文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處.錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改.
增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞.
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉.
修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在其下面寫出修改后的詞.
注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分.
Time is such valuable for every one of us.Even it is more valuable than money.The reason is that when money is spent,we can earn back.However,when time was gone,it will never come back.So we must value our time.
From birth to death,time is limited for all of us.So we should make well use of it.As students,what we should do first is to study well and obtain knowledges so that we can serve  our country in the future.
Therefore,some people don't know the value of time.They spend time do meaningless things,such as smoking,drinking and even gambling.
You should form a good habit of saving time.Don't put off that we should do till tomorrow.Laziness will bring us the poverty as well as failure.

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科目:高中英語 來源:2016-2017學(xué)年河南省豫南九校高二下學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考英語試卷(解析版) 題型:閱讀理解

Five years after a donor's bone marrow (骨髓)saved a pair of twin girls’ lives, the girls , Elizabeth and Kathryn ,from Minnesota got the chance to thank the man face to face.

The girls’ mother, Michele, said, “To think that somebody who didn’t know your children was selfless enough to give bone marrow to save them is amazing. They gave him giant hugs and danced the night away with him like they had known him before.”

The meeting came together thanks to Be the Match, a community of donors, volunteers, health care professionals and researchers.

The girl were born with a rare disorder that left them without any blood platelets(血小板).The bone marrow transplant was needed to change their DNA to avoid their organs shutting down.

Michele, her husband, and their son, tested negative when it came to being a match for the girls. They were put on the Be the Match list, which finally found Gruda.

“I become breathless,'' Michele said about finding a match. " because there are still so many things that could go wrong even though you have a donor."

Due to the uncertain result, the girls had to have their transplants done separately. Elizabeth’s was in 2011, and Kathryn’s was in 2012. The two girls also had to undergo chemotherapy(化療).

The family was finally able to express their gratitude in person after Be the Match flew Gruda to Minnesota from Germany.

Gruda, who has three children of his own, tried to donate to a local girl in his town nearly 30 years ago but was not a match. Five years ago, he received a phone call that he was a match for the sisters and didn't hesitate to donate. His bone marrow was flown from Germany to use in the transplant.” “My three children rejoiced(高興) that I came through as the best donor for the girls,'' he told Be the Match.

Both sisters are now completely healthy and 100 percent cured.

1.Why did Michele say “I become breathless” when I they found a match?

A. They hadn’t found a match till then.

B. They still feared something bad would happen.

C. All of their family members failed to pass the test.

D. The good news made them very excited.

2.Why did the girls have their transplants done separately?

A. Kathryn was then receiving chemotherapy.

B. Not all the bone marrow had arrived.

C. Because of the uncertain result.

D. The doctors were too busy to do two operations.

3.What do you know about Gruda?

A. He is always ready to donate his bone marrow.

B. He stayed at the twins home till the next day.

C. He has succeeded in helping two German patients.

D. He knew who his bone marrow was donated to well.

4.We can infer from the passage that the twins_____.

A. continue to undergo chemotherapy

B. went to Germany to thank Gruda.

C. go to hospital to get re-examined frequently.

D. have completely recovered from their disease

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