Question

Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civili­zation. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a per­son. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost unavoidably as­sociated with environmental damage.
Economic growth is the increase in numbers of goods and services produced over time by an economy, and it is calculated in terms of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Before growth is calculated, inflation (通貨膨脹)is adjusted in order to take into account its mis­leading effect on the price of goods and services. Economic growth can also be explained as the increase in expected output, which results from an increase in actual output, or total de­mand.
There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the con­struction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. They also lead to global warming.
Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertak­ings.
In order to produce economically practical energy, a sometimes significant transforma­tion of the natural site is often inevitable. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would block airflows’ natural speed which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pres­sure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to re­member that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.
For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage, whatsoever, is impossible.
【小題1】What does the passage mainly talk about?

A． Pollution caused by plant construction.

B． Effects of windmills on the environment.

C． Economic growth and human civilization.

D． Economic growth and environmental damage.

【小題2】What does the underlined word “They” in the third paragraph refer to?

A．Goods and products	B．The industrial plants
C． Water and atmosphere	D．Negative health effects

【小題3】According to the passage, the author holds the opinion that ______.

A． economic growth should be calculated in terms of GDP

B． use of natural resources causes no damage to the environment

C． industrial manufacturing may cause damage to the environment

D． a windmill is a perfect way to produce economically practical energy

【小題4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

Answer 1

【小題1】D
【小題2】B
【小題3】C
【小題4】B

解析試題分析：本文講述的是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境破壞之間的關(guān)系。
【小題1】D 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段最后一句In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost unavoidably as­sociated with environmental damage.可知本文講述的是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境破壞之間的關(guān)系。故D正確。
【小題2】B 推理題。根據(jù)第三段最后4行These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. They also lead to global warming.
可知they就是指前句的The industrial plants，故B正確。
【小題3】C 推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段可知作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展尤其是制造業(yè)的工廠一定會帶來環(huán)境的破壞和污染，故C正確。
【小題4】B 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段是總，接下來2段是分論點(diǎn)，4,5，6段是對第3段的解釋。故B正確。
考點(diǎn)：考查經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境類短文閱讀
點(diǎn)評：本文講述的是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境破壞之間的關(guān)系。要求考生讀懂文章中的每個(gè)句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關(guān)系，結(jié)合自己的生活常識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，再通過邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。任何一篇文章都有其特定的寫作目的，讀者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道如何去做或按照某種方式傳遞思考問題。推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，即：已知部分－推論的前提，從中推測出未知部分－推理的結(jié)論，切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)成作者的觀點(diǎn)。