4．"Over the years the unthinkable has become thinkable and today we sense we are close to being able to alter human heredity（遺傳）．"These were the words of David Baltimore of the California Institute of Technology，on December 1st，when he opened a three-day meeting in Washington to discuss the morality and use of human gene editing．Dr Baltimore is an old hand at these sorts of discussions，for he was also a participant in the Asilomar conference，in 1975，which brought scientists together to discuss a safe way of using the then-new tcchnology of recombinant DNA，and whose recommendations influenced a generation of biotechnology researchers．
Four decades on，the need for a similar sort of chin-wag has arisen．The International Summit on Human Gene Editing has been held by the national scientific academies of three countries-America，Britain and China．They are particularly concerned about whether gene editing should be used to make heritable changes to the human germ line，something Dr Baltimore described as a deep and troubling question．Like those of Asilomar，the conclusions of this meeting will not be binding．But the hope is that，again like Asilomar，a mixture of common sense and peer pressure will create a world in which scientists are trusted to regulate themselves，rather than having politicians and civil servants do it for them．The meeting is being held against a backdrop of rapid scientific advance，Since 2012 research into a new，easy-to-use editing tool called CRISPR-Cas9 has blossomed．This technique involves a piece of RNA （a chemical messenger，which can be used to recognise a target section of DNA） and an enzyme （酶） called a nuclease that can snip unwanted genes out and paste new ones in．
Public interest was aroused in April，when Chinese scientists announced they had edited genes in non-viable （ 無活力的） human embryos，and again in November when British researchers said they had successfully treated a one-year-old girl who had leukaemia （ 白血病），using gene-edited T-cells．T-cells are part of the immune system that attack，among other things，tumour cells．The researchers altered T-cells from a healthy donor to encourage them to recognise and kill the patient's cancer，to make them immune to her leukaemia drug，and to ensure they did not attack her healthy cells．
In another recent development，a firm called Edit as Medicine，which is based in Cambridge，Massachusetts，has said it hopes，in 2017，to start human clinical trials of CRISPR-Cas9 as a treatment for a rare genetic form of blindness known as Leber congenital amaurosis （伯氏先天性黑蒙）．Though other companies are already testing gene-editing therapies，these employ older，clunkier forms of the technology that seem likely to have less commercial potential．Moreover，researchers at the Broad Institute，also in Cambridge，said this week that they had made changes to CRISPR-Cas9 which greatly reduce the rate of editing errors-one of the main obstacles to the technique's medical use．
On the subject of germ-line editing，Eric Lander，the Broad's head，told the meeting it would be useful only in rare cases and said it might be a good idea to"exercise caution？before making permanent changes to the gene pool．The need for caution is advice that might also be heeded by those pursuing work in animals other than people，and in plants-subjects not being covered by the summit．
61．Which ofthe following is TRUE about CRISPR-Cas9？B
A．It has fewer side effects．
B．It can modify human gene．
B．It can protect immune system．
D．It has less commercial potential．
62．The underlined word"chin-wag"in Paragraph 2 can be replaced byA
A．discussion B．negotiation C．a(chǎn)rgument D．comparison
63．What can be inferred from the passage？D
A．Dr．Baltimore started his research on modiffing gene in 1975．
B．Scientists'opinions about the use of gene editing are consistent．
C．CRISPR-Cas9 has been applied to cure Leber congenital amaurosis．
D．More research should be made before the technology comes into wide use．
64．This passage is most probably aB．
A．science fiction
B．scientific report
C．conference summary
D．commercial advertisement．
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章向我們介紹了能修改人類基因的CRISPR-Cas9，它能剪掉多余的基因并粘貼新的基因，因此科學家們可以利用這個修改人們的致病基因，治愈人們的一些疾�。�
解答 61．B 細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第二段This technique involves a piece of RNA （a chemical messenger，which can be used to recognise a target section of DNA） and an enzyme （酶） called a nuclease that can snip unwanted genes out and paste new ones in．可知CRISPR-Cas9能剪掉多余的基因并粘貼新的基因，因此它能修改人類基因，故選B．
62．A 詞義猜測題，根據(jù)第二段Four decades on，the need for a similar sort of chin-wag has arisen．可知四十年后，閑談的一種近似的需求出現(xiàn)了，故選A．
63．D 推理判斷題，根據(jù)第三段Public interest was aroused in April，when Chinese scientists announced they had edited genes in non-viable （ 無活力的） human embryos，and again in November when British researchers said they had successfully treated a one-year-old girl who had leukaemia （ 白血�。瑄sing gene-edited T-cells．T-cells are part of the immune system that attack，among other things，tumour cells．可知CRISPR-Cas9在投入使用之前科學家們做了很多的研究，并且用它拯救了一個白血病女孩的生命，因此可以推知在技術進入廣泛應用之前，應該做更多的研究，故選D．
64．B 文章出處題，通讀全文可知這篇文章是對一項新的科學技術CRISPR-Cas9的說明，因此可能是一個科學報告，故選B．
點評 考查學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力．做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進行比較，再做出正確選擇．在做推理判斷題時不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
