18．If you have a daughter，take the time to read this．It could save her a lot of heartache．Not to mention stomach aches，headaches，missed days of school，lower grades，eating issues and depression．
The sad truth is that every school，whether public or private，has mean girls．I bet you can still even remember who they are from your school．As a school consultant and mother of three daughters，I know firsthand both personally and professionallyhow much it hurts when girls are targeted by bullies（恃強(qiáng)凌弱者）．
The old saying"sticks and stones may break my bones，but words will never hurt me，"couldn't be further from the truth．While boys usually bully through intimidation （脅迫），girls bully through exclusion，also called relational aggression．Here's an example of a case of relational bullying，taken from my experience as a school consultant：
"Heather"was miserable because a girl in her class，"Leslie，"was not only saying mean things to her face，but getting the other girls in the class to exclude her with the age old line"You can't be friends with me，if you're friends with her．"In our sessions，Heather would complain that she didn't have anyone to play with because girls were afraid that if they hung around her they'd become Leslie's next target．
In order to improve the situation，I had to not only reduce the power Leslie had，but empower Heather as well．Here are some ideas that helped，adapted for use by parents：
Ask for specifics when your daughter mentions bullying．Who？Where？How？
Tell the principal and classroom teacher the specifics of how she is being bullied．Have them tell other teachers （i．e．，gym，art，music），hallway monitors and cafeteria staff so that everyone who comes in contact with her can be on the lookout and ready to interfere．
Explain to her that reporting an incident is not the same as tattling（打小報(bào)告），and have her tell an adult at school when she is being bullied．
Teach her to convey self-confidence by walking confidently，with her head up．Bullies target those they think are weaker．
Arrange opportunities for your daughter to socialize with her friends outside of school to help her maintain a strong social support system．
In Heather's case，these steps relieved the problem．But because it's tougher to catch girl bullies，it's extremely important for girls to tell an adult if they are being bullied．Unlike boys，who usually bully physically，mean girls often spread rumors，whisper as their target walks by，talk loudly about a party she wasn't invited to，give her the silent treatment，and as discussed above，tell others not to be friends with her．School personnel are there to help，but in order to do anything they must know a problem exists!
Bullying from mean girls
Passage outlineSupporting details
Different forms of girl bullying◇refusing to （71）include someone in groups
◇（72）threateningothers not to befriend someone
◇spreading rumors about someone
◇treating someone with （73）coldness
Bad effects of girl bullying ◇causing the victims to suffer both physically and （74）mentally
◇leading to the （75）declinein the victims'school performance
（76）Suggestions/Tips/Adviceon fighting against girl bullying◇Get （77）specificinformation about the bullying．
◇Inform the school staff to interfere with bullying．
◇Encourage kids to （78）seekhelp when bullied．
◇Develop confidence in your kids to （79）avoidshowing weakness．
◇Help kids to gain support by （80）socializingwith friends．
ConclusionThe problem of girl bullying can be solved by joint effort．

分析 短文主要講了在校園女孩欺凌對(duì)孩子造成的損害，并結(jié)合這一問題，作者給出了一些建議．

解答 71．include，詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，根據(jù)句子While boys usually bully through intimidation （脅迫），girls bully through exclusion，女孩通過排斥他人進(jìn)行欺凌，此處使用exclusion的同義詞，位于不定式to后應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞原形，即refuse to include．   
72．threatening，總結(jié)歸納題，根據(jù)句子but getting the other girls in the class to exclude her with the age old line"You can't be friends with me，if you're friends with her．"這是通過恐嚇其他同學(xué)不要跟某人做朋友，因此使用"威脅"threaten，根據(jù)前后都是使用動(dòng)名詞短語，故答案為threatening．   
73．coldness，總結(jié)歸納題，根據(jù)句子whisper as their target walks by，talk loudly about a party she wasn't invited to，give her the silent treatment 可知，這些做法都是冷漠地對(duì)待他人，因此with后使用名詞coldness． 
74．mentally，總結(jié)歸納題，根據(jù)句子Not to mention stomach aches，headaches，missed days of school，lower grades，eating issues and depression．可知，女孩的欺凌不僅對(duì)受害者身體上造成傷害，還對(duì)其精神造成傷害．   
75．decline，詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，根據(jù)第一段的lower grades 可知，會(huì)導(dǎo)致受害者學(xué)習(xí)成績的下降，因此使用名詞decline． 
76．Suggestions/Tips/Advice，總結(jié)歸納題，這一部分主要是針對(duì)女孩欺凌這一問題提出的一些建議，因此使用名詞Suggestions/Tips/Advice． 
77．specific，詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，根據(jù)句子Ask for specifics when your daughter mentions bullying 可知，針對(duì)女孩欺凌要獲得具體的信息，因此使用形容詞specific修飾information．  
78．seek，同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，根據(jù)句子Explain to her that reporting an incident is not the same as tattling（打小報(bào)告），and have her tell an adult at school when she is being bullied 可知，被欺凌時(shí)要鼓勵(lì)孩子尋求幫助．       
79．a(chǎn)void，同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，根據(jù)句子Teach her to convey self-confidence by walking confidently，with her head up．Bullies target those they think are weaker 可知，要讓孩子表現(xiàn)得自信，這樣能避免受欺負(fù)．    
80．socializing，詞形轉(zhuǎn)換，根據(jù)句子Arrange opportunities for your daughter to socialize with her friends outside of school to help her maintain a strong social support system可知，讓孩子結(jié)交朋友獲得支持．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 解答任務(wù)型閱讀理解題，首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意．因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料．其次，細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破．掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息．最后，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性．對(duì)于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對(duì)題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

7．A man once said how useless it was to put advertisements in the newspapers．"Last week，"said he，"my umbrella was stolen from a London church．As it was a present，I spent twice its worth in advertising，but didn't get it back．"
"How did you write your advertisement？"asked one of the listeners，a merchant．"Here it is，"said the man，taking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper．The other man took it and read，"Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening a black silk umbrella．The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on leaving it at No 10Broad Street．""Now，"said the merchant，"I often advertise，and find that it pays me well．But the way in which an advertisement is expressed is of extreme importance．Let us try your umbrella again，and if it fails，I will buy you a new one．"
The merchant then took a slip of paper out of his pocket and wrote："If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesn't wish to get into trouble，he will return the umbrella to No.10Broad Street．He is well known．"
This appeared in the paper，and on the following morning，the man was astonished when he opened the front door．In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors that had been thrown in and his own was among the number．Many of them had notes fastened to them saying that they had been taken by mistake，and begging the loser not to say anything about the matter．

55．According to the first advertisement，who would receive ten shillings？A
A．The one left the umbrella at No.10 Broad Street．
B．The one left the umbrella in the City Church．
C．The one found the umbrella at No.10 Broad Street．
D．The one gave the message to the man．
56．The result of the first advertisement was thatD．
A．the man got his umbrella back         
 B．the man found his umbrella
C．the man found his umbrella             
D．the man wasted some money advertising
57．"If it fails，I will buy you a new one"suggested thatD．
A．he was rich enough to afford an umbrella
B．he was not sure he would get the umbrella back
C．he was ready to help others
D．he was quite sure of his success
58．This is a story aboutA．
A．how to make an effective advertisement
B．how a man lost and found his umbrella
C．how to find lost things
D．how to put an advertisement in the newspaper．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

8．Apple Seeds
Circulation （發(fā)行量）：1 Year，9 Issues
Cover Price：﹩44.55 Price for You：﹩33.95
Product Description：Apple Seeds is an award winning magazine filled with stories for kids aged from 7to 9．The cover is very soft，providing durability that allows each issue to be enjoyed for many years to come．Besides，there is a big surprise for you-----it's being sold at a more favorable discount than usual．
Better Life
Circulation：1 Year，12 Issues
Cover Price：﹩44.55 Price for You：﹩15.00
Product Description：Designed for those who have a strong interest in personal lifestyle．Better life is an America's complete home and family service magazine．If offers help with food，recipes，decorating，building，gardening，family health，money management and education．
Humor Times
Circulation：1 Year，12 Issues
Cover Price：﹩36.00 Price for You：﹩11.95
Product Description：Humor Times is for those who love to laugh!Full of cartoons and humor columns，it shows up in your mailbox once a month and keeps you smiling all year round!In today's world，you need a reason to laugh．So let's find it in Humor Times．
News China
Circulation：1 Year，12 Issues
Cover Price：﹩47.88 Price for You：﹩19.99
Product Description：News China is the English edition of China Newsweek．The magazine covers the latest Chinese domestic news in politics，society，environment，culture，sports and travels，etc．It is the first comprehensive news magazine for readers interested in China．

25．What do we know about Apple Seeds？A
A．The soft cover enables it to be read and kept long．
B．It can be purchased as an award for your children．
C．You can receive it every month if you purchase it．
D．The magazine is going to surprise you for many years．
26．Better Life can help you inA．
A．beautifying your house
B．ordering food from restaurant
C．learning about sports and travels
D．finding interesting stories for your kids
27．What kind of people may buy News China？D
A．People who want to enlarge the knowledge of their kids
B．People who have a strong sense of humor and love to laugh
C．People who have an interest in personal lifestyle of the English
D．People who are interest in China's politics business and culture
28．Which magazine may best help relieve your work stress？C
A．Apple Seeds
B．Better Life
C．Humor Times
D．News China．

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