1.The invention would have a wide range of ______________ (應(yīng)用) in industry.

2.Frankly speaking, emotional or mental problems can a____________ from a physical cause.

3.A recent study shows that computer games have a little effect on adults，but a________ young people so much.

4.The flood has led to the l_____________ of life.

5.Farmers used to hunt elephants without _______________(憐憫）.

6.World Wildlife Fund ________________(感激) very much the efforts that China has made to protect endangered species from being further endangered.

7.Some bands are f_____________ by putting an advertisement in a newspaper looking for someone who is good enough.

8.He is a man who loses his job but doesn't tell his family and p_____________ to go to work every day as usual.

9.We are expected to be responsible for our work. But there always are some people who fail to ________________ (履行)their duties.

10.At the beginning of each semester, each student has great _______________ ( 信心) in their study.

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D. Because of its fierce character.

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It is probably the strangest sport anyone has ever invented. And at first sight, it looks like the easiest. Competitors have to do two things. The first is to stand still. The second is to place their hands anywhere on the body of a car, and keep it there.

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Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution?

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Pollution caused by plastic is not new, but recent studies have shown the effect of microfibers in the environment.

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Steps to save or keep microfibers from the environment.

Until more information becomes known, there are steps to take to reduce the amount of microfibers in the environment.

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E. Studies on microfibers in the environment.

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The most important lesson I learned in high school had nothing to do with maths or American history.It came at graduation,several minutes before I left Miramonte High School.

I was rather shy back then,content to____around with my few friends and to concentrate on my____I was doing so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect scores and enough____to go to college.

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Graduation day soon arrived and,as____,I was nervous.I'd been practicing my speech for days,and I had it____. But I had never been so____in my life.The first half hour of the ceremony passed,and then my____came.My name was announced.I managed to reach the platform without falling down.But within minutes,I finished my speech,____ back to my seat and feeling unsatisfied with my performance.

Now I still have the____of that speech.My voice trembled a little,but____it was clear and strong.I'm proud of that tape.I achieved something I'd never____—I spoke in front of hundreds of people.____I didn't realize it at the time,the successful completion of that speech gave me the____to participate in class at college,to give oral reports, and to eventually break free of my____.

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1.A. hang B. look C. turn D. run

2.A. characters B. interests C. games D. subjects

3.A. money B. credits C. time D. standards

4.A. luck B. benefit C. fear D. solution

5.A. burning B. breaking C. aching D. beating

6.A. punishment B. reward C. arrangement D. sympathy

7.A. doubtful B. optimistic C. generous D. hesitant

8.A. share B. bring C. spare D. give

9.A. about B. for C. upon D. beyond

10.A. known B. hoped C. expected D. planned

11.A. thrown B. printed C. memorized D. completed

12.A. interested B. terrified C. excited D. disappointed

13.A. moment B. clay C. chance D. decision

14.A. passing B. handing C. heading D. returning

15.A. picture B. tape C. paper D. word

16.A. partially B. immediately C. frankly D. mostly

17.A. dreamed B. made C. decided D. requested

18.A. Because B. When C. Although D. Unless

19.A. respect B. confidence C. freedom D. excuse

20.A. shyness B. pride C. stupidity D. courage

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Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.

Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field. After all, you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.

Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience’s emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewer feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.

Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me “.

Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.

1.What do persuasion and art have in common?

A. They both entertain the audience.

B. They both require great skill to achieve.

C. They both demand full attention from the audience.

D. They were both common topics of ancient Greek Writers.

2.How is a speaker able to show his ethos to the audience?

A. By expressing his sympathy with the audience.

B. By telling the audience about his personal preference.

C. By using beautiful language to make his statements attractive.

D. By showing his knowledge and experience related to the topic.

3.What can we learn about the three aspects of persuasion?

A. Ethos is the most important aspect of persuasion.

B. Each aspect has a different effect on the audience.

C. Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable.

D. Political leaders mostly use pathos to persuade their audience.

4.An advertisement for washing powder which claims that “scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all

bacteria” is mainly using .

A. ethos B. pathos

C. logos D. a combination of all three

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