From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool.Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind?s future 3 and cultural growth increased.

　　Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language.They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.

Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.

16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings isnecessary for proper language development.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities.These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated

2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite

3.A.attainments B.feasibilityC.entertainments D.evolution

4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible

5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince

6.A.for B.from C.of D.with

7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children

8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion

9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike

10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological

11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation

12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words

13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower

14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved

15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions

16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When

17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated

18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast  D.interaction

19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative

20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all

1. B

2. A

3. A

4. D

5. C

6. D

7. B

8. A

9. A

10. B

11. A

12. C

13. D

14. B

15. C

16. A

17. D

18. D

19. A

20. C


解析:

1.此處意為：當(dāng)人類剛剛開始進(jìn)化，他們?nèi)缤律鷥阂粯硬粫\(yùn)用語言這種工具。

evolved逐漸發(fā)展，進(jìn)化符合題意。generated生殖，發(fā)展；born (bear的過去分詞)不能作謂語動詞；originated起源，不能用first修飾。

2.根據(jù)語法分析，答案應(yīng)用來修飾語言的。valuable珍貴的；appropriate合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)�；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜歡的。語言并不是人類選擇的結(jié)果，而是人類在進(jìn)化過程中慢慢發(fā)展起來的，對人類來說，應(yīng)當(dāng)是珍貴的。

3.此處意思是：語言的發(fā)展增加了人類未來的成就和文化進(jìn)步的可能性。attainments成就；feasibility可行性；entertainments娛樂；evolution進(jìn)化。

4.此處意為：許多語言學(xué)家認(rèn)為進(jìn)化使人們產(chǎn)生和具備了語言的能力。固定短語be responsible for對……負(fù)責(zé)，是……的原由。其它選項不與for搭配。

5.根據(jù)語法分析,空格后應(yīng)是一個賓語從句，而A，B，D三項后都不能接從句做直接賓語。confirm(確認(rèn)) 名詞；inform(通知)sb.of sth.；convince(使某人確信) sb.of sth.

6.固定搭配provide sb.with sth.意為“向(人)提供(物)”

7.此處意為：我們高度發(fā)達(dá)的大腦是我們具備了其它低等動物所不具備的語言能力。顯然，這里是把人和低等動物相比較。因此選organisms有機(jī)體，生物體。

8.此句意思是：人類的語言能力是與生俱來的，但語言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展，所以這種能力應(yīng)該是潛在的。potential潛力；performance履行；preference偏愛；passion激情

9.此句句義是：語言本身作為童年時期大腦生長的一種功能，其發(fā)展是緩慢的。as (作為，當(dāng)作)合乎題意。Like作為介詞的意思是“像……一樣”。

10.此句意為：語言的發(fā)展有一個關(guān)鍵期，人體的成長是生物變化的過程。biological生物的；ideological思想上的；social社會的；psychological心理的。

11.此處意為：目前人們對“先天論”評論觀點不一，但是支持某些天生能力的證據(jù)卻是確鑿無疑的。reviews評論；reference參考；reaction反應(yīng)；recommendation推薦。

12.從11題可看出，作者是傾向于先天論的，為了進(jìn)一步證明先天論是有道理的，作者選擇了以學(xué)校為例加以說明，因此這里應(yīng)填一個表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞Indeed(甚至)。

13.此處意思是：越來越多的學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)在什么年級學(xué)外語較容易，根據(jù)常識(低年級學(xué)外語較容易)以及后文的Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults…可以選定答案。

14.此處意為：通過接觸多種語言，孩子們可以學(xué)會好幾種語言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接觸到。reveal(顯露)sth.to sb，不合題意，因本題中的them指languages。其余選項不與to搭配。engage in從事；be involved in參與。

15.此句意思是：一旦母語的規(guī)則被深深印入腦海中，成年人就很難再學(xué)好另一種語言。rules規(guī)則，規(guī)律；regulations規(guī)定；formations構(gòu)成，構(gòu)造；constitutions憲法，章程。

16.分析上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，從句意思是：語言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意思是：語言不會在與人隔絕的狀況下自行發(fā)展。前后應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

17.此句意為：與人隔絕的兒童不能掌握好一門語言。isolated孤立的，與人隔絕的；distinguished區(qū)別的，杰出的；different不同的；protected受到保護(hù)的。

18.此句總結(jié)前幾句，意為：必須通過與他人交往，語言才能夠發(fā)展。interaction相互作用；exposition暴露；comparison比較；contrast對比。

19.根據(jù)分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分別指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此處所填詞對應(yīng)上文中的language development。也就是說，language acquisition語言習(xí)得。appreciation欣賞,感激；requirement要求；alternative轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換。

20.本句功能是以另一種方式解釋前文中的“imitative, learned behavior.(模仿性的后天行為)”。In other words換言之，換句話說；As a result結(jié)果是；After all畢竟；Above all首先。

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