LEEDS, England--- A Leeds University psychology professor is teaching a course to help dozens of Bristons forgive their enemies.

“The hatred we hold within us is a cancer,” Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.

More than seventy people have become members in Hart’s first 20-week workshop in London--- a course he says is the first of its kind in the world.

These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian- born Hart.

The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight.

The course, ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people. “People have lots of the attitudes towards forgiveness,” he said. “People confuse forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one.”

Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.

“The main idea is to give you guidelines on how to look at various kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you’re angry with,” said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project. Hart said he believes forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people “want to get free of the past.”

1.According to the passage if you’re angry with somebody, you should ________.

A. try your best to defeat him or her

B. break off relations with him or her

C. persuade him or her to have a talk with you

D. relax yourself by not thinking of him or her any more

2.Afrer reading the passage we are more aware that ________.

A. high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hatred

B. high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors

C. without hatred people will have less trouble connected with blood and heart

D. people who suffer from blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies

3.If you’re a member of Hart’s workshop, you’ll _______.

A. pay a large amount of money

B. go to the course every night in twenty weeks

C. attend a gathering twice a month

D. pour out everything stored in your mind in the workshop

4.The author wrote this passage in order to _______.

A. persuade people to go to Hart’s course

B. tell us the news about Hart’s workshop

C. tell us how to run a workshop like Hart’s

D. help us to look at various kinds of anger

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Decision-making under Stress

A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (負(fù)面的) consequences of a decision.

The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.

“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”

For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.

This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.

The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.

Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.

This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.

1.We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.

A. keep rewards better in their memory

B. recall consequences more effortlessly

C. make risky decisions more frequently

D. learn a subject more effectively

2.According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.

A. ways of making choices B. preference for pleasure

C. tolerance of punishments D. responses to suggestions

3.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.

A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits

B. men have a greater tendency to slow down

C. women focus more on outcomes

D. men are more likely to take risks

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短文改錯(cuò)

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(﹨)劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;

2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

I got up early this morning, so I went to school without breakfast. I walked in so a hurry that I stepped on a banana peel dropped by an old man walk in front of me. As the result, I slipped and fell in my back. I am so angry that I wanted to blame the old man, so I controlled myself at last. I picked out the banana peel, putting it into the dustbin and ran to school. The class had begun, but I was very happy because I did that what I should do to protect our environment.

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Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco, there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.

In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.

Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.

During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.

1.What is the text mainly about?

A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.

B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.

C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.

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A. they look like young cuckoos

B. they have claws on the wings

C. they eat a lot like a cow

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3.What can we infer(推斷) about primitive birds from the text?

A. They had claws to help them climb.

B. They could fly long distances.

C. They had four wings like hoatzins.

D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.

4.Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?

A. To find more food.

B. To protect themselves better.

C. To keep themselves warm.

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As a boy, Charles Robert Darwin(達(dá)爾文) collected anything that caught his interest: insects, coins and interesting stones. He was not very clever, but Darwin was good at doing the things that interested him.

His father was a doctor, so Darwin was sent to Edinburgh to study medicine, and was planned to follow a medical career. But Charles found the lectures boring. Then his father sent him to Cambridge University to study to be a priest. While at Cambridge, Darwin’s interest in zoology and geography grew. Later he got a letter from Robert FitzRoy who was planning to make a voyage around the world on a ship, the Beagle. He wanted a naturalist to join the ship, and Darwin was recommended(推薦). That voyage was the start of Darwin’s great life.

As the Beagle sailed around the world, Darwin began to wonder how life had developed on earth. He began to observe everything. After he was home, he set to work, getting his collection in order. His first great work The Zoology of the Beagle was well received, but he was slow to make public his ideas on the origin of life.

Later Darwin and Wallace, another naturalist who had the same opinions as Darwin, produced a paper together. Darwin’s great book “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”(《物種起源》) appeared. It attracted a storm. People thought that Darwin was saying they were descended from monkeys. What a shameful idea! Although most scientists agreed that Darwin was right, the Church was still so strong that Darwin never received any honors for his work.

Afterwards, he published another great work, The Descent of Man. His health grew worse, but he still worked. “When I have to give up observation, I shall die,” he said. He was still working on 17, April, 1882. He was dead two days later.

1.Darwin’s father sent him to Edinburgh to _____.

A. make him like natural history

B. make him become a doctor

C. let him change his hobbies

D. have him give up his collection

2.According to the passage, Charles Darwin’s whole life was changed by _____.

A. his study at Cambridge University

B. his collection of coins

C. the naturalists at Cambridge

D. the voyage of the Beagle

3.The underlined part “they were descended from monkeys” probably means “_____”.

A. they gave monkeys life

B. they were different from monkeys

C. they were developed from monkeys

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單詞拼寫

1.There was a worried _________________ on her face.(表情)

2.I __________________ him as soon as he came in the room.(認(rèn)出)

3.A local company is to be _______________ .(更喜歡)

4.He _______________ into the room without knocking.(突然闖入)

5.It is _______________ to think it could happen again.(恐怖的)

6._____________________ on your exam results!(祝賀)

7.I know _____________ how she felt.(確切)

8.The _______________ of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.(意圖)

9.The country’s _______________ language is Spanish.(官方)

10.Recovery from the disease is very ______________.(逐步的)

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閱讀下面短文，并按照題目要求用英語回答問題。

In college, Spring Break (春假) is usually associated with the beach, parties and sleepless nights, bringing about relaxation, free time and friends. Students who wish to spend their break doing something productive and rewarding, however, may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program. It places college students in communities both at home and abroad.

The Program allows students to take part in various projects dealing with issues such as literacy （識(shí)字）, homelessness and the environment. It includes helping kids with their lessons, raising money for families in need and collecting data for environmental research.

The hope is that, by getting themselves involved in different environments, students will have the opportunity to learn about members of communities and broaden their view. In turn, they will incorporate (融合) their experiences and lessons learned into their own communities. In a word, the Program aims to encourage students to be active citizens and engage themselves in making a difference in society.

In the spring of 2006, about 36,000 students in the USA participated in the Alternative Break Program.

Samantha Giacobozzi, now director of the Program, has been on five alternative break trips herself, including trips to New Orleans, India and Dominican Republic. “I was a student who went on alternative break trips and had my life totally transformed by that experience,” she said. “Every year, we meet many students who have attended the Program. You can see changes in their life that are connected with their alternative break experiences.”

The Program began in 1991.Today, it has become increasingly popular with college students in the United States.

1.Who may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program?(No mare than 10 words)

2.What is the aim of the Program?(NO more than 15 words)

3.What is the meaning of the underlined word "transformed" in Paragraph 5? (1 word)

4.What is Samantha's attitude toward the Program?(No more than 10 words)

5.If you take part in the Program, which project are you interested in? And why?(No more than 25 words)

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科目：高中英語 來源：2015-2016學(xué)年天津新華中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期第三次月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：單項(xiàng)填空

_________ it comes to traffic rules, I often come across such cases __________ the local drivers obviously know them but won’t follow them.

A. If; why B. When; which

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根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Money Matters

Parents should help their children understand money.___ 1.__so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.

1. The basic function of money

Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It’s important to show your child how money is traded for the thing he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier .___ 2.____when your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.

2. Money lessons

Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. __3.__ .If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say. “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”

3. __4.___

Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product—a name brand butter and a generic(無商標(biāo)產(chǎn)品),for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. __5.___ If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.

A. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you

B. Permit the child to choose between them

C. The value of money

D. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest

E. Wise decisions

F. Tell your child why he can ---or cannot---have certain things

G. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store

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