Until the 1980s, the American homeless population is mainly made up of older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient(變化無常的) and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems — both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.
Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis. But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.
One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not treated as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.
Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions（規(guī)定） of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.
【小題1】It is implied in the first paragraph that ____.
| A．the writer himself is homeless, even in his eighties |
| B．many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 cities |
| C．there is a serious shortage of academic facilities |
| D．homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education |
| A．350,000 | B．1,500,000 | C．440,000 | D．110,000 |
| A．the homeless children are too young to be treated as children |
| B．the homeless population is growing rapidly |
| C．the homeless children usually stay outside school |
| D．some homeless children are deserted by their families |
| A．the educational problems of homeless children are being recognized |
| B．the estimates on homeless children are hard to determine |
| C．the address of grade-school children should be located |
| D．a(chǎn)ll homeless people should have free education |
【小題1】C
【小題2】C
【小題3】D
【小題4】A
解析試題分析：美國無家可歸的人口主要包括的還是年齡較大的男性�，F(xiàn)在，社會上年齡較小的一些人也面臨無家可歸的威脅。這主要是因為教學設(shè)施嚴重短缺，很多孩子被家庭遺棄，政府意識到無家可歸的孩子也有權(quán)利獲得教育。
【小題1】推理題：從第一段的句子：this transient(變化無常的) and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems — both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers. 可知其中學齡兒童四處流浪，飽受驚嚇。這給已經(jīng)負擔考試大過重的城市教學和教學管理帶來了許多額的外的麻煩，其中既涉及法律問題又涉及教育問題。可以推斷出教學設(shè)施嚴重短缺，選C
【小題2】計算題：從第二段的句子：A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis. But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children,有22萬無家可歸的學齡兒童，其中約有三分之一沒有按規(guī)定上學。然而國家關(guān)于無家可歸人員的聯(lián)盟會卻估計，這樣的兒童人數(shù)至少還應該多一倍，可知無家可歸的孩子的數(shù)量是440,000，選C
【小題3】細節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes. 有一部分無家可歸的人口尤其難以統(tǒng)計，就是那些遭家庭遺棄的“浪蕩”少年�？芍獰o家可歸的人口很難估計我是因為一些孩子被家庭遺棄，選D
【小題4】細節(jié)題：從最后一段的句子：The educational provisions（規(guī)定） of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education. 可知文章提到The McKinney Act 是說明無家可歸的孩子的教育問題正在被認識，選A
考點：考查社會現(xiàn)象類短文
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Italy is one country where beauty is prized more than any other virtue. That is, except in the small town of Piobbico, the self-declared World Capital of Ugly People. The road sign at the edge of the town even warns visitors that they are entering the ugly zone. People who consider themselves ugly have been gathering in Piobbico since the 1960s. That’s when Ugly Club president Telesforo Lacobelli established a dating agency for women who believed they were too ugly to attract husbands. Lacobelli believes that he is ugly himself because he has a short nose in a country where long or large noses have always been considered beautiful.
People from around the world travel to Piobbico to tell their sad stories of ugliness. During the annual Festival of the Ugly, which occurs on the first Sunday of every September, hundreds of people gather in Piobbico’s town square to elect the president of the Ugly Club. Lacobelli wins the election every year. The Ugly Club has over 20, 000 members. They carry ID cards that grade their ugliness from bearable to extreme. A prize is awarded to Ugly Club members who qualify as extremely ugly.
The Ugly Club president insists that ugliness is a virtue. Since beautiful people get a lot of attention for their beauty alone, they have to work hard to prove their other virtues. Ugly people, on the other hand, are genuine and do not have to prove anything to anybody, according to Lacobelli.
Lacobelli is a spokesperson for ugly people everywhere. He believes that the uglier one is, the better life can be. Though the club enjoys making fun of beauty, especially beauty contests, Lacobelli has a serious side as well. He believes that too many people suffer from financial and emotional pressures because they don’t meet society’s standards of beauty. The fact that beautiful people are more successful in the workforce is a problem that Lacobelli has attempted to bring forward to the Italian public and government.
【小題1】Piobbico is rather special in that .
| A．it is a very small town | B．it is home to ugly people |
| C．it receives no visitors | D．it is the capital of Italy |
| A．Because he is the ugliest person in the whole world. |
| B．Because his ugliness is always graded as bearable. |
| C．Because he is a spokesperson for ugly people everywhere. |
| D．Because he has won the members’ trust and admiration. |
| A．Ugly people are most respected in Italy. |
| B．The Festival of the Ugly is held every two years. |
| C．Ugly people are unfairly treated in society. |
| D．The uglier one is, the better life he or she lives. |
| A．The Ugly Capital of the World | B．The Ugliest Person of the World |
| C．Festival of the Ugly | D．Beauty Contests Should be Banned |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
(2013·高考廣東卷，D)While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class，a monitor(監(jiān)控器)a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.
Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apartment，the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room.Her Internet access was locked－remotely－to prevent Internet searches，and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was：Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?
In the battle against cheating，this is the cutting_edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education.The technology gives trust to the entire system，to the institution and to online education in general.Only with solid measures against cheating，experts say，can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid—that students haven’t just searched the Internet to get the right answers.
Although online classes have existed for more than a decade，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of“open online courses.”Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field.spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.
Aside from the web cameras，a number of other hightech methods are becoming increasingly popular.Among them are programs that check students’ identities using personal information，such as the telephone numbers they once used.
Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.As in many university classes，term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.
【小題1】Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?
| A．To correct her typing mistakes. |
| B．To find her secrets in the room. |
| C．To prevent her from slowing down. |
| D．To keep her from dishonest behaviors. |
| A．a(chǎn)dvanced technique |
| B．sharpening tool |
| C．effective rule |
| D．dividing line |
| A．they can attract potential students |
| B．they can defeat academic cheating |
| C．they offer students online help |
| D．they offer many online courses |
| A．checking the question answering speed |
| B．producing a large number of questions |
| C．scanning the Internet test questions |
| D．giving difficult test questions |
| A．The Advantages of Online Exams |
| B．The Hightech Methods in Online Courses |
| C．The Fight against Cheating in Online Education |
| D．The War against the Booming of Online Education |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
On the high-speed train Avignon to Paris, my husband and I landed in the only remaining seats on the train, in the middle of a car, directly opposite a Frenchwoman of middle years. It was an extremely uncomfortable arrangement to be looking straight into the eyes of a stranger. My husband and I pulled out books. The woman produced a large makeup case and made up her face. Except for a lunch break, she continued this activity for the entire three-hour trip. Every once in a while she surveyed the car with a bright-eyed glance, but never once did she catch my eye. My husband and I could have been a blanket wall.
I was amused, but some people would have felt uncomfortable , even repulsed(厭惡的）.there is something about making up in public that calls up strong emotional reactions. Partly it’s a question of hygiene. And it’s a matter of degree. Making up --- a private act--- has a way of neglecting the presence of others. I was once seated at a party with a model-actress who immediately waved a silly brush and began dusting her face at the table, demonstrating that while she was next to me, she was not with me.
In fact, I am generally prohibited from making up in public, except when I am in the company of cosmetics moment. In a gathering more professional than social, I would do so.
Kathy Peiss, a history professor at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst says that nose-powdering in the office was an occasion for outrage in 1920’s and 30’s. Deploring the practice as a waste of company time, trade journals advises managers to discourage it among workers. Peiss theorizes that it was female’s making up in what has been an all-male field that disturb some gentlemen.
Peiss tells me that after the 30’s , pulling out a make-up case was no longer an issue. It became an accepted practice. I asked if she feels free to apply lipstick at a professional lunch herself. Sounding mildly shocked, she says she would save that for the privacy of her car afterward. Why? Because it would be “a gesture of inappropriate feminity(女性化）.” One guess is that most professional women feel this way. There is evidence of the popularity of the new lipsticks that remain in place all day without retouching.
【小題1】According to the author, “My husband and I could have been a blanket wall.” (Line 6, Para.1) most probably means “________”.
| A．We were treated with an expressionless face. |
| B．We looked at the French woman expressionlessly |
| C．We used books as a wall to avoid the woman’s eyes |
| D．We were of no existence in the French woman’s eyes |
| A．a(chǎn)llows public making up on certain occasions |
| B．feels comfortable when making up in public |
| C．only makes up on social occasions |
| D．makes up before any professional gatherings |
| A．normal office work was disturbed |
| B．it discouraged women’s interest in career |
| C．make dominance was emphasized there |
| D．it distracted make workers’ focus on work |
| A．Because they are worried about being looked down upon |
| B．Because it emphasizes their female features in wrong situations |
| C．Because it implies women’s disadvantages in academic fields |
| D．Because they are ashamed to be seen making up in front of males/ |
| A．have attracted little attention |
| B．hinder the social development |
| C．a(chǎn)re attractive topics in talk shows |
| D．still call for great concern |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Travel Unaccompanied
Now many young people are traveling around the world on their own, not because they have no one to travel with, but because they prefer to go alone．
Kristina Wegscheider from California first traveled alone when she was at college and believes that it is something everyone should do at least once in their life. “It opens up your mind to new things and pushes you out of your comfort zone.” Wegscheider has visited 46 countries covering all seven continents．
In foreign countries, with no one to help you read a map, look after you if you get ill, or lend you money if your wallet is stolen. It is challenging. This is what drives young people to travel alone．It is seen as character building and a chance to prove that they can make it on their own．
Chris Richardson decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go traveling last year．He set up a website, The Aussie Nomad, to document his adventures. He said he wished he had traveled alone earlier. “The people you meet, the places you visit, or the things you do, everything is up to you and it forces you to grow as a person,” said the 30-year-old．
Richardson describes traveling alone like “a shot in the arm”, which “makes you a more confident person that was ready to deal with anything”. He said: “The feeling of having conquered something on my own is a major part of what drives me each day when I’m dealing with a difficult task. I walk around with my head up because I know deep down inside that nothing is impossible if you try.”
The great 19th century explorer John Muir once said: “Only by going alone in silence can one truly get into the heart of the wilderness.”
【小題1】Which of the following will Kristina Wegscheider agree with?
| A．Traveling alone is a necessary experience for everyone. |
| B．It is more meaningful to travel in foreign countries. |
| C．It is comfortable to travel around without a friend. |
| D．Traveling abroad helps people to find new things. |
| A．it will finally build your character |
| B．you have to make things on your own |
| C．you depend on yourself whatever happens |
| D．it is hard for you to prove yourself to others |
| A．He started traveling at an early age． | B．He was once shot in the arm. |
| C．His website inspires others a lot. | D．He used to work as a salesman． |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
In times of economic crisis, Americans turn to their families for support. If the Great Depression is any guide, we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate. But this won’t necessarily represent an increase in happy marriages. In the long run, the Depression weakened American families, and the current crisis will probably do the same.
We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses. By 1932, when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed, the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929. But this doesn’t mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages. Rather, with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs, unhappy couples often couldn’t afford to divorce. They feared neither spouse could manage alone.
Today, given the job losses of the past year, fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households. Furthermore, the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.
After financial disasters family members also tend to do whatever they can to help each other and their communities. A 1940 book “The Unemployed Man and His Family”, described a family in which the husband initially reacted to losing his job “with tireless search for work.” He was always active, looking for odd jobs to do.
The problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain. Across the country, many similar families were unable to maintain the initial boost in morale(士氣). For some, the hardships of life without steady work eventually overwhelmed their attempts to keep their families together. The divorce rate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery took hold.
Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of their responses to the current crisis, working together and supporting one another through the early months of unemployment.
Today’s economic crisis could well generate a similar number of couples whose relationships have been irreparably(無法彌補地)ruined. So it’s only when the economy is healthy again that we’ll begin to see just how many broken families have been created.
【小題1】In the initial stage, the current economic crisis is likely to __________.
| A．tear many troubled families apart |
| B．bring about a drop in the divorce rate |
| C．contribute to enduring family ties |
| D．cause a lot of conflicts in the family |
| A．starting a new family would be hard |
| B．they expected things would turn better |
| C．they wanted to better protect their kids |
| D．living separately would be too costly |
| A．Mounting family debts |
| B．A sense of insecurity |
| C．Falling housing prices |
| D．Difficulty in getting a loan |
| A．It will irreparably damage their relationship |
| B．It will undermine their mutual understanding |
| C．It will help strengthen their emotional bonds |
| D．It will force them to pull their efforts together |
| A．The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate |
| B．Few couples can stand the test of economic hardships |
| C．A stable family is the best protection against poverty. |
| D．Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
It is pretty much a one-way street．While it may“be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world，there is very little traffic in the opposite direction．Pay has always been the biggest deterrent，as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job．For some industrial scientists，however, the attractions of academia（學術(shù)界）outweigh any financial considerations．
Helen Lee took a 70％cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge．Her main reason for returning to academia halfway was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions．Some areas of research have few chances of a commercial return，and Lee’s is one of them．
The powerful effect of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of an occupation．Guy Grant，now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge，spent two years working for a medicine company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher．He took a 30％salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities．
Higher up the ladder，where a pay cut is usually more significant，the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition（轉(zhuǎn)換）to academia more attractive，according to Lee．Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not，such as how to build a multidisciplinary team，manage budgets and negotiate contracts（合同）．They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate，says Lee，perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development．“Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic occupation．So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent a11 their time on a narrow research project．”
【小題1】The underlined word“deterrent”in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to something that
| A．helps to move the traffic | B．a(chǎn)ttracts people’s attention |
| C．keeps someone from taking action | D．brings someone a financtal burden |
| A．Flexible work hours． | B．Her research interests． |
| C．Chances of academic accomplishments | D．Her preference for the lifestyle at university |
| A．To do financially more rewarding work． |
| B．To raise his status in the academic world． |
| C．To enjoy better intellectual opportunities． |
| D．To gain more experience in medical research． |
| A．Suit its research to practical applications． |
| B．Develop its students’potential in research． |
| C．Help it obtain financial support from industry． |
| D．Increase its graduates’competitiveness in the j ob market． |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
The issue of privacy versus openness is a paradox, particularly when it comes to the American home. “Lots” or “yards” (gardens) can be large and many are not enclosed by the walls, fences or hedges so popular in other cultures. Similarly, “window treatments” frame the window. but the use of European-style net curtains to screen out nosy neighbors is rare. In the same style, first-time visitors to an American home may be proudly given the full tour; even walk-in closets and en suite bathrooms are not considered off-limits. They may also be encouraged to help themselves to a soda from the fridge. All this gives an impression of openness.
Yet Americans do value their personal space and privacy. A Brazilian expatriate (僑民) who dropped in on her usually friendly Connecticut neighbors unannounced got the clear impression she should have called first. Similarly while a typical suburban home features large, shared areas, such as an open-plan kitchen and family room or “den”, ample private space is also allowed in the floor plan. A visit to a family home in the evening would likely find the family members dispersed, each independently watching TV, on the phone, surfing the Internet, or otherwise recharging batteries in the privacy of their own bedroom.
American individualism, expansiveness, and abundance are expressed in lifestyle. Despite the fact that the average household size has declined over the past thirty years from3.1 people to 2.6 people per household, the average size of a new family home increased during the same period from 1,500 to 2,200 square feet.
A common observation is just how outsized everything is. The beds are king-sized, the TVs have giant screens, the burgers are “whoppers (龐然大物),” appliances are “industrial” size. The largest popcorn or soda at the movies can be “supersized.” Closets are “walk in,” and some cars are the size of a military vehicle.
【小題1】The passage suggests that Americans__________.
| A．a(chǎn)re rich enough to afford large size houses and luxurious electricity appliances |
| B．a(chǎn)re very shy when talking about keeping their privacy and their personal space |
| C．would like to express their lifestyles in public to show them off |
| D．enjoy openness as well as individualism although they seem to contradict each other |
| A．Because the average size of a new house has increased during the past thirty years. |
| B．Because Americans often use European-style net curtains to screen out nosy neighbors. |
| C．Because many houses are equipped with walk-in closets. |
| D．Because the house size, outsized household furniture and independent living habits have proved it. |
| A．filling a battery with electrical power |
| B．recovering your strength and energy by resting for a while |
| C．changing your batteries again |
| D．obtaining new batteries because old ones are running out |
| A．will be deeply impressed by their family get-together scene |
| B．will be invited to a party which is well-prepared |
| C．will find family members scattered, and enjoying themselves individually |
| D．will be warmly welcomed even if they don’t get informed of your visit earlier |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school subjects. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or upsetting situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do.
For instance, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn’t sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And if he cannot make things work out right, he doesn’t feel ashamed that he failed; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook on life, a special feeling about life, and how he fits into it.
If you look at children, you’ll see a great difference in what we call “bright” children and “not bright” children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amounts of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out about life, and he tries to get in touch with everything around him. But the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream world; he seems to have a walk between him and life in general.
【小題1】According to the passage, intelligence is the ability to .
| A．get high scores in some tests | B．do well in school subjects |
| C．deal with life | D．know what to do |
| A．knows more about what might happen to him |
| B．is sure of the result he will get |
| C．is ready to face and fit himself in the situation |
| D．cares more about himself |
| A．feel ashamed |
| B．learn from his experiences |
| C．try to find all he could |
| D．make sure what result he would get |
| A．their attitude towards life |
| B．the degree of cleverness |
| C．the amounts of knowledge about the world |
| D．their way of thinking |
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