4.When international aid is given,steps must be taken to ensure (確保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended.The way to achieve this may not be simple.It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation.The United Nations Organiztion(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid.Here however rises the problem of costs.Also tied with this is time.Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women is every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.
  More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster,it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times.A common proverb says,"Give me a fish and I eat for day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime."If we follow this wise saying,it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves.For example,a country could share its technology with another.This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites.Even small country is able to help less developed nations.Sometimes what is take for granted,like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school,could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems.It does not cost much to share such simple things.Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site.They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back form time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves.Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.
  Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills.It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses.Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned,there is also the build-up of friendships to consider.Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies.However,in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.

61.According to the author,how could international aid reach the victims in time?C.
A.By solving the cost problems
B.By solving the transportation problems
C.By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.
D.By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.
62.What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?C.
A.Providing food is vital
B.Learning to fish is helpful
C.Teaching skills is essential
D.Looking after others is important.
63.The second paragraph is developed mainlyA.
A.by example B.by process C.by comparison D.by contrast
64.Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?D.
A.A medical team.    B.An exchange program.
C.A water plant.     D.Financial support.
65.What can we infer about international aid from the passage?A.
A.It is facing difficulties.
B.It is unnecessary during normal times
C.It should be given in the form of materials
D.It has gained support developed countries.

分析 本文屬于說(shuō)明文閱讀,文章主要講述了災(zāi)難在全球是不可避免的.國(guó)際援助雪中送炭.然而援助要落到實(shí)處,應(yīng)該采取一些高效的措施.災(zāi)難區(qū)要直接受惠于援助區(qū),聯(lián)合國(guó)為此做出了很多努力.比如建立一個(gè)正直無(wú)私心救援物質(zhì)的管理團(tuán)隊(duì).而在本文中作者認(rèn)為高效的援助并不在于物質(zhì),而是平日里技術(shù)知識(shí)的共享.本文引用了中國(guó)的古語(yǔ)--授之以魚(yú),不如授之以漁,表明作者的觀點(diǎn):傳授知識(shí)才是幫助貧窮落后國(guó)家的根本.

解答 61.C   細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)文章第一段Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.可知救援物質(zhì)要快速地分配到災(zāi)區(qū),聯(lián)合國(guó)可以在各國(guó)組建一支特別團(tuán)隊(duì),專門(mén)實(shí)施這項(xiàng)工作.故選C.
62.C   細(xì)節(jié)理解題,理解第二段的劃線句子"Give me a fish and I eat for day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime."這是一句諺語(yǔ),意為"授之以魚(yú),不如授之以漁".這句諺語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)教會(huì)他人知識(shí)的重要性,因此答案為C.Teaching skills is essential.傳授技能才是根本.
63.A   考查寫(xiě)作手法.第二段的寫(xiě)作主要是靠舉例來(lái)對(duì)中心句Give me a fish and I eat for day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime."進(jìn)行闡述的,關(guān)鍵詞For example…,以此開(kāi)始進(jìn)行舉例,包括:技術(shù)共享,建立凈水系統(tǒng)或?qū)W校的行政,以及派交換生到發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)有所長(zhǎng)后回國(guó)效力等等.
64.D   首先找到the wrong hands所在的句子,在第二段最后一句Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.本段通過(guò)舉例來(lái)證明作者的觀點(diǎn)--物質(zhì)的援助是暫時(shí)的,而知識(shí)的傳授才是根本,ABC選項(xiàng)都是物質(zhì)的援助,而D項(xiàng)屬于經(jīng)濟(jì)援助,可見(jiàn)選項(xiàng)為D,經(jīng)濟(jì)的援助可能引向歧途,fall into the wrong hands.
65.A 本項(xiàng)采用排除法,BCD都是錯(cuò)誤的,國(guó)際援助是必須的,它需要物質(zhì)援助,但更需要知識(shí)的援助來(lái)支持貧窮落后國(guó)家.B.unnecessary 不必要,錯(cuò)誤;C.過(guò)于片面,只說(shuō)到物質(zhì),錯(cuò)誤;D.支持發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家(developed countries)錯(cuò)誤.故答案為A.國(guó)際援助面臨著困難.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力.做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確選擇.在做推理判斷題時(shí)不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.

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