Question

You’re out to dinner. The food is delicious and the service is fine. You decide to leave a big fat tip. Why? The answer may not be as simple as you think.
Tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service. Instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter’s choice of words to how they carry themselves while taking orders to the bill’s total.
“Studies before have shown that mimicry (模仿) brings into positive feelings for the mimicker,” wrote Rick van Baaren, a social psychology professor. “These studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimics them.”
So Rick van Baren divided 59 waiters into two groups. He requested that half serve with a phrase such as, “Coming up!” Those in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back to the customers. Rick van Baaren then compared their take-home(實(shí)得收入). The results were clear---it pays to mimic your customer. The copycat waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.
Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St. Louis, found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill. After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cab drivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers’ bills went up.
“That’s also a point of tipping,” Green says. “You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you. If they weren’t there you’d never get any service. So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there.”
【小題1】According to the passage, a customer gives the cab driver a tip for ____.

A．driver’s politeness

B．being there

C．driver’s attitudes

D．driver’s mimicry

【小題2】According to the passage, which of the following will be likely to show the right change of the tip percentages for the three areas researched?

【小題3】According to the passage, we know the writer seems to _________.

A．oppose Mr. Green’s idea about tipping

B．support the opinions of Mr. Green and Rick van Baaren about tipping

C．give his generous tip to the waiters very often

D．think part of Mr. Green’s explanation is reasonable

Answer 1

【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】B

解析試題分析：
【小題1】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up可以判斷答案為B
【小題2】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers’ bills went up. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著顧客賬單的增加，這三個(gè)區(qū)的小費(fèi)卻小降，故選D
【小題3】這是一道推斷判斷題。從全文可以看出作者沒有表達(dá)出不贊成Mr. Green and Rick van Baaren的觀點(diǎn)，故選B
考點(diǎn)：本篇是社會調(diào)查類的文章。
點(diǎn)評：本文通過調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn)付小費(fèi)受到一系列心理因素的影響。對于文章中的細(xì)節(jié)題，要注意文章中的細(xì)節(jié)的理解。推斷題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋�？忌�首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。