In 1880, fourteen-year-old Matthew Henson loved to hear sailors tell tales of their exciting lives at sea. The travel, the adventure, the danger, and the steady pay were all attracting young Henson. One day, he found a job as a cabin boy on a beautiful ship called the Katie Hinds. For the next five years, Henson sailed around the world. With the help of the ship’s captain and other members of the crew, Henson learned mathematics, navigation, history, geography, and many other subjects. By the time he left the Katie Hinds in 1885, Henson was well educated and had become an excellent seaman.

Unable to find work anywhere else, Henson took a job in a hat shop in Washington, D.C. One day in 1887, a man came in to buy a hat. The man, Robert Peary, asked the owner if he knew anyone with experience at sea. Peary would soon travel to South America for the U.S. government. He needed experienced men to accompany him. The shop owner knew about his young employee’s skills and experience on ocean journeys, so he introduced Peary to Henson.

Using his map-reading and sailing skills, Henson proved himself to be a worthy and smart seaman. Peary soon made Henson his assistant（助理）, and they became close friends. One day Peary told Henson about his real dream: to be the first man to stand on “the top of the world” at the North Pole. He asked Henson to help him make his dream come true. Over the next five years, the two explorers made two trips together to the Arctic. However, they were not able to reach the pole either time. The cold, wind, and ice were worse than either of them had ever imagined.

In 1908, Peary and Henson were ready to make their final attempt at reaching the North Pole. Both men were over forty years old. The years of hardship in the arctic cold had made them suffer a lot. This would be their last chance. With four Inuit（因紐特）guides, they made a mad rush straight across the ice toward the pole. Peary’s feet were injured and he had to be pulled on a dogsled. In April 1909, Henson’s instruments showed they were standing at the North Pole. Together Henson and Peary planted the American flag in the snow.

In later years, Robert Peary and Henson were greatly honored for their achievements. Today, the two friends and fellow explorers lie in heroes’ graves not far apart in the Arlington National Cemetery.

1.In paragraph 1, the author shows how Henson became ________.

A. a wonderful seaman

B. an educated captain

C. a good shop assistant

D. a successful learner

2.Paragraph 2 mainly tells us ________.

A. why Matthew Henson went to the hat shop

B. how Matthew Henson met Robert Peary

C. why Matthew Henson stopped working on the Katie Hinds

D. how Robert Peary knew Matthew Henson had sea experience

3.The following statements are TRUE except ________.

A. Henson proved himself a better seaman than Peary

B. Peary wanted Henson to help him realize his dream

C. Before their final attempt, they made two trips together

D. After they died, they were highly respected by people

4.The story between Henson and Peary could best be compared to ________.

A. treasure hunters looking for fortunes

B. sailors seeking power over others

C. soldiers fighting for their freedom

D. fighters exploring an unknown land

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Dear Mr Hill,

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The National Gallery

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The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.

Layout:

The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, VanEyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.

The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronest.

The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.

The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.

Opening Hours:

The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm（Fridays 10am to 9pm）and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.

Getting There:

Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross（2-minute walk）. Leicester Square（3-minute walk）,Embankment（7-minute walk）,and Piccadilly Circus（8-minute walk）.

1.Where should you enter to enjoy the older collections ?

A．The main entrance.

B．The ground floor entrance.

C．The Trafalgar Square.

D．The East Wing.

2.In which century’s collection can you see paintings in the modern Sainsbury Wing ?

A．The 12th. B．The 14th.

C．The 16th. D．The 18th.

3.Where are Van Gogh’s works shown?

A. In the Sainsbury Wing.

B. In the main West Wing.

C. In the North Wing.

D. In the East Wing.

4.Which of the following is true according to the last 2 paragraphs?

A．You can enjoy the Gallery at 6am on Thursdays.

B．You are advised to go there only on Fridays.

C．Any special exhibitions are absolutely free of charge.

D．Charing Cross is the closest station to the Gallery.

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You get on an almost-empty bus, but the next passenger decides to ignore all the empty seats to sit right next to you. While you are waiting in line at the supermarket, the next

customer stands just behind you shouting into his phone.

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As the British customs website Debrett has said, as a British person, somebody standing too close may make you “focus less on what somebody is saying than on how close they are to you”. Simple acts like putting an arm around someone you don’t know that well may seem friendly in China, but they can make us very uncomfortable. The ediplomat.com website explains: “The British are not back slappers (拍打者) or touchers and generally do not show affection (喜歡) in public.”

Being a British person around people from other countries can therefore be full of problems. People from many European countries such as France and Spain kiss each other on the cheek when they meet, yet to us this seems too friendly and “touchy-feely”.

Simple matters like how close others stand can be problems to Britons who want to keep their own personal space. Giving advice on how to behave around a British person, Debrett’s says that “if you can feel the warmth of their worried breath upon your face, then you’re standing too close”.

So, are British people unfriendly? No. The ediplomat.com website explains that we are not as “indifferent” as we may seem, but “very friendly and helpful to foreigners”. However, we do have different ideas about our own space to many people from other countries. Just let us know if you’re going to come any closer than arm’s length, and you’ll be fine!

1.What is the article mainly about?

A. How to make friends with British people.

B. Some tips on British table manners.

C. Ways in which British people show affection.

D. British people’s preference for personal space.

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A. kiss him/her on the cheek

B. put an arm around him/her

C. keep an arm’s length away from him/her

D. slap his/her back or shake his/her hands

3.The underlined word “indifferent” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “_____”.

A. cold B. modest

C. gentlemanlike D. independent

4.What can we conclude from the article?

A. British people like to sit next to others on empty buses.

B. British people are helpful, although they may not appear to be.

C. British people do not like staying with other Europeans.

D. British people are happy to show affection in public.

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