Question

Beware of those who use the truth to cheat. When someone tells you something that is        , but leaves out important information that should be         , he can create a false impression.

For example, someone might say, “I just          a hundred dollars on the lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and          it for one hundred dollars!”

This guy’s a winner,        ? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought two hundred           , and only one was a winner. He’s really a big          !

He didn’t say anything that was         , but he deliberately left out some important       . That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically         , but they are just as not         .

Untrustworthy candidates in           campaigns often use this strategy. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and         three million jobs. Then she          another term. One of her opponents runs an advertisement       , “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That’s true.         , an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of        million jobs.”

Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s         the law to make false claims so they try to mislead you with the         . An advertisement might boast (吹噓), “Nine out of ten doctors recommend Yucky Pills to cure nose pimples.” It          to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Corporation.

This kind of cheat happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.

1.A. false                             B. true                         C. interesting                       D. boring

2.A. included              B. contained               C. involved                           D. referred

3.A. lost                       B. found                      C. donated                           D. won

4.A. swapped             B. took                         C. turned                            D. made

5.A. right                            B. well                          C. really                                D. though

6.A. books                            B. papers           C. tickets                    D. balls

7.A. winner                          B. loser             C. fighter                     D. thinker

8.A. true                      B. real                          C. doubtful                           D. false

9.A. details                           B. information C. mistakes                           D. errors

10.A. stories                        B. truth                        C. facts                                  D. lies

11.A. pleasant            B. exciting                   C. honest                            D. clever

12.A. political                    B. commercial   C. personal                           D. public

13.A. stopped            B. found                      C. avoided                            D. gained

14.A. seeks                         B. gets                          C. achieves                           D. searches

15.A. writing                        B. reading          C. saying                     D. speaking

16.A. Otherwise                  B. However                C. In fact                      D. This way

17.A. one                    B. two                         C. three                                D. four

18.A. for                               B. to                    C. against                             D. in

19.A. words                         B. facts                         C. data                                   D. truth

20.A. fails                            B. tries                         C. manages                           D. plans

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.B

2.A

3.D

4.A

5.A

6.C

7.B

8.D

9.B

10.D

11.C

12.A

13.D

14.A

15.C

16.B

17.B

18.C

19.D

20.A

【解析】

試題分析：這篇文章通過三個例子來講述了一個事實：謊言可以騙人，但是真相同樣可以騙人。人們要注意生活中的“half truth”也就是真假參半的陳述，不要被其蒙騙。

1.B 形容詞辨析。A 假的；B 真實的；C 有趣的；D 枯燥的。從上下文可知文章要講述的是利用真相來進行欺騙的情況，那么他們告訴你的應(yīng)該是真實的事情，所以B選項正確。

2.A動詞辨析。A 包括；B 包含，含有（某種成分）；C 牽扯，涉及；D 參考，提及。由下文買彩票贏錢的例子推斷得知，漏掉的信息是應(yīng)該包括在內(nèi)的，否則會讓人產(chǎn)生錯覺。A為正確選項。

3.D動詞辨析。A 丟失，喪失，輸?shù)簦?B 找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)；C 捐贈；D 贏。根據(jù)后面It was great判斷這個人很高興，所以推測出他應(yīng)該是買彩票贏了，正確選項為D。

4.A動詞辨析。A 交換，換成；B 拿，帶走；C 轉(zhuǎn)向，變成；D 制作。從上文可知這個人買彩票贏了，所以應(yīng)該是拿著面值一美元的彩票回到商店兌換成了100美元，swap…for 把….換成，所以A選項正確。

5.A副詞辨析。A 正確，對；B 好 ; C 真地； D 盡管。由后面的We then discover that he bought two hundred …and only one was a winner.判斷，此處應(yīng)該表示對前面敘述情況的懷疑，所以A選項正確。

6.C上下文串聯(lián)。A 書； B 報紙，論文； C 票，罰單；D 球，舞會。從上文I took that dollar ticket back to the store可知他買的是彩票，所以正確選項是C。

7.B名詞辨析。A 獲勝者，贏家；B 輸家；C 戰(zhàn)斗機，戰(zhàn)斗者；D思想家。根據(jù)前面敘述可知他買了200張，才中了一張，總的來說他應(yīng)該是個輸家。所以正確選項為B。

8.D形容詞辨析。A 真實的；B 真的；C 懷疑的；D 假的。從上文買彩票的例子可知這個人沒說謊話，但是沒有說出全部真相，而且從后面的That’s called a half-truth.也可以判斷正確答案選D。

9.B名詞辨析。A 細節(jié)；B 信息；C 錯誤；D 錯誤，過錯。上面敘述的內(nèi)容告訴我們買彩票的人沒有說謊，但是卻故意漏掉一個事實，即：他花200美元買了200張彩票，卻只有一張中獎。所以漏掉的應(yīng)該是一些事實信息，由此判斷B選項正確。

10.D名詞辨析。A 故事； B 真相；真理；C 事實； D 謊言。買彩票的人半真半假的陳述讓人產(chǎn)生錯覺而且后面用了轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but ，由此判斷，half-truth會和謊言一樣起到誤導(dǎo)人的作用，所以D選項正確。句意：雖然部分真實的話不是嚴(yán)格意義上的謊言。選D。

11.C形容詞辨析。A 令人愉悅的；B 令人興奮的C 誠實的；D 聰明的。從下文選舉的例子可知，政客們用half-truth去欺騙民眾，讓人產(chǎn)生錯誤的印象，所以half-truth應(yīng)該是和謊言一樣是不誠實的。從句意判斷C為正確選項。

12.A形容詞辨析。A 政治的；B商業(yè)的；C 個人的；D 公共的。由“Governor Smith’s term,candidates opponents”這些詞語可以判斷應(yīng)該是政治活動，所以A選項正確。

13.D動詞辨析。A 停止；B 發(fā)現(xiàn)，認(rèn)為；C 避免；D 獲得。從前面lost 判斷，此處應(yīng)該是意思相對的詞，她的政府失去100萬份工作，得到300萬份工作。所以D選項正確。

14.A 動詞辨析。A 尋求，試圖；B 得到；C 實現(xiàn)，獲得；D 尋找。下文“During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” 她的對手對她進行不好的宣傳暗示出她仍具有競爭性，應(yīng)該是想再連任一屆，所以A為正確選項。

15.C動詞辨析。A 寫；B 讀；C 說；寫著（指書面材料或者可見的東西上提供信息或指示）D 說話，演講。廣告本身不會讀，寫說，習(xí)慣上用read或者say等動詞表示上面顯示的內(nèi)容，比如：The notice said“Keep Out”。所以C選項正確。

16.B 連接詞的考查。A 否則；B然而；C 實際上；D 這邊請。That’s true和后面的an honest statement would have been…,是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以B為正確選項。

17.B細節(jié)考查。從上文“her state lost one million jobs and  …three million jobs.”判斷，工作凈增長為兩百萬。所以B選項正確。

18.C介詞辨析。根據(jù)常識可知廣告商做出虛假的聲明是違法的，所以應(yīng)該用against the laws。答案選C。

19.D，名詞辨析。A 單詞，話語；B 事實；C 數(shù)據(jù)；D 真相，真理。整篇文章是講述利用half truth來騙人，而且Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths.也是一個提示，所以判斷D選項正確。

20.A動詞辨析。A 失��；B 嘗試；C 管理，設(shè)法做；D 計劃。這是又一個用half truth來騙人的例子，所以他們應(yīng)該是只講述部分真實的情況，而沒有提到那十個醫(yī)生中有9個是為他們做事的事實。故A選項正確。

考點：考查社會現(xiàn)象類短文閱讀。