Deception (騙術）is something that people do all the time ,and it plays an important role in military (軍事的)strategy. Now some researchers are trying to figure out how to get robots to do it, by looking at the behavior of squirrels and birds.
At Georgia Tech, a team led by Ronald Arkin , a professor at the School of interactive Computing, studied the literature on squirrels hiding their acorns (橡果）.Squirrels will hide their food m a certain place, but when they see other squirrels trying to steal from them, they attempt to fool the thieves by running to a fake location.
Ronald Arkin and his Ph. D. student Jaeeun Shim used that as a model for robot behavior. They programmed the robot into tricking a “predator (捕食者）” machine by doing what εi squirrel does： showing the enemy a false location for an important resource.
The team also looked at how other animals in this case，a species of bird called Arabian babbler~ drive off predators. A babbler will make an alarm call when they see a predator and other babblers will join the bird and make more calls. They then surround the predator, all the while flapping (拍打）wings and making noises. The babblers don’t ever actually fight the animal they want to drive off； they just make enough noises and flaps around enough so that it seems that attacking a babbler isn’t worth it
They found that the deception works when the group reaches a certain size—essentially, when enough birds arrive to convince the enemy that it’s best to back off . Davis modeled that behavior in software using a military scene and found that it worked even if the group didn’t have the firepower to confront the enemy directly.
The military is interested in this because a robot that can fool an opponent is a valuable tool. It could lead an enemy down a fake trail or make itself look more dangerous than it actually is.
【小題1】Why does the military want to take advantage of squirrels’trick?
| A．It can reduce the use of firepower to confront the enemy. |
| B．It can fool the enemy into believing it is more dangerous. |
| C．It can lead the enemy in a wrong direction to avoid losing resources. |
| D．It can scare the enemy away who wants to destroy the acorns. |
| A．One bird makes an alarm call and other birds will join it |
| B．They fight the enemy bravely face to face. |
| C．They make noises and flaps around the predator. |
| D．They force the predator aware that it isn't worthwhile to attack. |
| A．Animals' behaviors are researched to be applied to the study of military robots. |
| B．Robots, fooling tricks are applied to the study of animals’behaviors. |
| C．Birds and squirrels are the animals that are good at deception. |
| D．Researchers are interested m animals’military-related behaviors. |
【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】A
解析試題分析：本文主要講述的就是把動物的騙術行為用在軍事的研究方面。文章中講述了具體的研究信息。
【小題1】C 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段It could lead an enemy down a fake trail or make itself look more dangerous than it actually is.說明C項內容與之相符，故C正確。
【小題2】B 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后三行The babblers don’t ever actually fight the animal they want to drive off； they just make enough noises and flaps around enough so that it seems that attacking a babbler isn’t worth it說明the babblers并沒有攻擊robots，故B項說法是錯誤的。
【小題3】A 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段內容Deception (騙術）is something that people do all the time ,and it plays an important role in military (軍事的)strategy. Now some researchers are trying to figure out how to get robots to do it, by looking at the behavior of squirrels and birds.可知本文主要講述的就是把動物的這種行為用在軍事的研究方面，故A正確。
考點：考查社會知識類短文閱讀
點評：本文主要講述的就是把動物的騙術行為用在軍事的研究方面。這篇文章要先看問題，再帶著問題仔細閱讀短文，理解了全文內容，很容易選出正確答案。閱讀短文時，常常會遇到一些生詞。這時，要沉著，冷靜，細心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通過對全篇短文的理解，就很有可能猜測出生詞的大意。另外，還可以從含有生詞句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之間的關系來判斷、理解生詞以求獲得其真正含義。猜測生詞的另一種方法是，根據(jù)構詞法推測。遇到生詞后，可從構詞法角度分析判斷生詞。
備戰(zhàn)中考寒假系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：2011年浙江省溫州市溫州中學高一下學期期末考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
Beware of those who use the truth to cheat. When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can create a false impression.
For example, someone might say,“I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery（抽獎）. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”
This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought two hundred tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!
He didn’t say anything that was false, but he deliberately omitted important information. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest.
Untrustworthy candidates in political campaigns often use this tactic (策略). Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents runs an as saying, “During Government Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!”That’s true. However an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net (凈余的) gain of two million jobs.”
Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false claims so they try to mislead you with the truth. An ad might say, “Nine out of ten doctors recommend Yucky Pills to cure nose pimples (丘疹).” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Corporation.
This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad fact of lif
e: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
【小題1】 Which statement is true according to the article?
| A．Whenever people tell the truth, they are really lying. |
| B．The truth can be used in dishonest ways |
| C．All governors help their states. |
| D．You can’t trust gamblers (賭博的人) |
| A．vote for female candidates |
| B．know that lies are lies |
| C．never trust anyone |
| D．think carefully about what they read and hear |
| A．Lying With the Truth | B．Everyone Lies |
| C．Yucky Corporation | D．Nose Pimples |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學年北京市日壇學校高一6月檢測練習英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive (欺騙)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture.
For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”
This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!
He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest.
Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents(對手) says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” that’s true. However, and honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.”
Advertisers(廣告商) will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.
This kind of deception happens too of often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
【小題1】How much did the lottery winner lose?
| A．One hundred dollars. | B．Two hundred dollars. |
| C．Three hundred dollars. | D．Four hundred dollars. |
| A．buy lottery tickets |
| B．make use of half-truths |
| C．not take anything at face value |
| D．not trust the Yucky Company |
| A．final increase | B．big advantage | C．large share | D．total saving |
| A．False statements are easy to see through. |
| B．Half-truths are often used to mislead people. |
| C．Doctors like to act in advertisements. |
| D．Advertisements are based on facts. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：湖南省長沙市四縣市2010屆高三下學期3月調研考試 題型：閱讀理解
Communication technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt(困擾) you—appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In 
it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.
His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception
makes people uncomfortable, the detachment(非直接接觸) of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous(脫口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his result, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.
66. Hancock’s study focuses on ________.
A. the consequences of lying in various communications media
B. the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas
C. people’s preference in selecting communications technologies
D. people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media
67. Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that ________.
A. people are less likely to lie in instant messages
B. people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C. people are most likely to lie in email communication
D. people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
68. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?
A. They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies
B. They believe that honesty is the best policy
C. They tend to be relaxed when using those media
D. They are most practiced at those forms of communication
69. According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ________.
A. salesmen can talk directly to their customers
B. salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate
C. salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy
D. salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively
70. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications
B. more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees
C. email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company
D. suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學年天津市高三上學期第二次階段考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Science Daily (May 1S, 2012) - People who rate themselves as having high emotional intelligence (El) tend to overestimate (高估) their ability to detect deception(欺騙) in others. This is the finding of a paper published in the journal Legal and Criminological Psychology on 18 May 2012.
Professor Stephen Porter. director of the Centre for the Advancement of Psychological Science and Law at University of British Columbia Canada along with colleagues Dr. Leanne Brinke and Alysha Baker used a standard questionnaire to measure the EI of 116 participants.
These participants were then asked to view 20 videos from around the world of people pleading （祈求） for the safe return of a missing family member. In half the videos the person making the plea was responsible for the missing person's disappearance or murder.
The participants were asked to judge whether the pleas were honest or deceptive say how much confidence they had in their judgments, report the clues (線索) they had used to make those judgments and rate their emotional response to each plea.
Professor Porter found that higher EI was associated with overconfidence in assessing the sincerity of the pleas and sympathetic feelings towards people in the videos who turned out to be responsible for the disappearance.
Although EI, in general, was not associated with being better or worse at telling the difference between truths and lies. people with a higher ability to notice and express emotion (a component of EI) were not so good at spotting when people were telling lies.
Professor Porter says: "Taken together, these findings suggest findings features of emotional intelligence and the decision-making processes they lead to may nave the paradoxical (適得其反的) effect of weakening people's ability to detect deception."
"These findings are important because El is a well-accepted concept and is used in a variety of fields, including the workplace"
1.Which of the following is true about the study and its findings?
A. EI has something to do with telling truths and 1ies.
B. The participants were asked to identify liars on the spot.
C. The participants had to tell reasons for their judgments.
D. Those confident participants all made wrong judgments.
2.According to Professor Porter's finding, people with higher EI
A. were actually less confident
B. were easy to be cheated for their kindness
C. had sympathy for the missing people
D. were good at spotting deception
3.What does the underlined word "they" refer to?
A. Features of EI B. People with high Ef C. The findings D. The researchers
4.Workplace is specially mentioned in the last paragraph to ______.
A. indicate that people with high EI are mostly adults
B. indicate that EI is very important in the workplace
C. warn employers not to trust employees with high EI
D. warn people with high EI of deception in the workplace
5.What is the best title for the passage?
A. How to detect deception in our daily life.
B. The disadvantages of high emotional intelligence.
C. The relationship between one's El and recognition.
D. Emotionally intelligent people are less good at spotting liars.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆浙江省臺州市外國語學校高二下學期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive(欺騙)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture．
For example, someone might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery(彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”
This guy's a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $ 200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!
He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. Half truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest.
Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That’s true. However, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith's term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.’’
Advertisers will sometimes use half—truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache. ”It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.
This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
1.How much did the lottery winner lose?
A．One hundred dollars． B．Two hundred dollars．
C．Three hundred dollars． D．Four hundred dollars．
2.We may infer that the author believes people should ________.
A．buy lottery tickets if possible
B．make use of half—truths
C．be careful about what they are told
D．not trust the Yucky Company
3.How many examples does the writer give to show how the truth is used to deceive?
A．One． B．Two． C．Three． D．Four．
4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Using half truths is against the law.
B．Technically, half truths are in fact lies.
C．Yucky Pills is a very good medicine for toothache.
D．Governor Smith did a good job during her last term.
5.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A．He’s really a big loser!
B．Sometimes the truth can lie as well．
C．Advertisers will sometimes use half truths．
D．It’s against the law to make false statements．
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