Question

A.  Weather is to blame B.  Divided opinions C.  Inheriting（遺傳） characteristics D.  Home of the redheads E.  Greater sensitivity to pain F.  Gene mutation（基因變異）

 
【小題1】
Britain may be the most red-headed country in the world. About 1 to 2 percent of the world’s population has red hair, but in the UK the numbers are much higher, with 13 percent of Scots, 10 percent of the Irish, and 6 percent of people in England having red hair, according to the BBC.
【小題2】 
Scientists have tried to explain why some people have red hair for some time and now they may have found an answer: the dull weather in Britain. The human body needs vitamin D from sunshine, but unfortunately people living in Britain do not have enough of it because of its maritime climate. In fact, Britain gets even more cloud than countries in the far north of Europe. In Sweden, for example, the average daily hours of sunshine is 5.4 . In Scotland it is only 3.1 hours.
【小題3】
To deal with this, the DNA of people living in these areas has changed slightly; scientists call this a mutation. Originally, the coloring on our body is a mixture of two kinds of melanin – black melanin is suppressed while only red / yellow melanin is made. The result is red hair, light skin color, freckles and a greater sensitivity to sunlight.
【小題4】
However, what’ s more interesting is that the redhead DNA mutation is recessive, which means it is hidden and can often skip generations without showing. At least 1.6 million Scots carry a redhead gene mutation, and most are unaware that they do. This is why a person who does not have red hair can still produce red-haired children if he or she is a carrier of this special DNA.
【小題5】
The research on red hair, like many areas of science, is contradictory(不一致). In 2002 researchers showed that redheads are more sensitive to pain, and need more anesthetic during surgery than people with blonde or dark hair. However, in 2005 scientists found that a MCRIR mutation gives redheads a higher tolerance for pain. Research into these aspects of red hair genetics continues. Redheads should though be more careful about their exposure to sunlight as they are at an increased risk of contracting skin cancer. If you are a redhead, the advice is not to stay out of the sun, but to be careful about how much exposure you get, and to cover yourself with a high factor sunscreen.

Answer 1

【小題1】D
【小題2】A
【小題3】F
【小題4】C
【小題5】B

解析試題分析：本文敘述了英國人有紅頭發(fā)的人占的比例較大，有些人認(rèn)為主要是由于氣候的影響，人們不能吸收足夠的維生素D，二是由于基因突變。三是由于遺傳的因素。最后一段敘述了科學(xué)家的對于紅頭發(fā)的不同的意見。
【小題1】根據(jù)Britain may be the most red-headed country in the world.英國紅頭發(fā)的人最多，故選D。
【小題2】根據(jù)the dull weather in Britain.因為天氣的原因所以紅頭發(fā)的人多，故選A。
【小題3】根據(jù)scientists call this a mutation.主要因為基因突變，故選F。
【小題4】根據(jù)what’ s more interesting is that the redhead DNA mutation is recessive, which means it is hidden and can often skip generations without showing.因為遺傳的特征，故選C。
【小題5】根據(jù)The research on red hair, like many areas of science, is contradictory(不一致).科學(xué)家的不同的看法，故選B。
考點：信息匹配。
點評：文章由若干段話組成，要求給每段話歸納段落大意，意即找出該段的中心思想、主旨。讀每段話時，要抓住該段話的主題句和核心詞匯，正確答案常常是主題句的改寫。讀每段話時，并不是該段話全要仔細(xì)閱讀。這樣，既浪費(fèi)時間，也不容易抓住重點。應(yīng)該抓住該段話的主題句。