The early lack of exposure to science ，technology，engineering and mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender (性別）balance in these fields. It begins when we are young and continues throughout our time in high school.
While at home，girls generally don’t get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do. It is often subtle ，but it’s the first hurdle that faces and confuses so many women. Boys ，on the other hand, get on their path ，and are encouraged to do so， generally earlier than girls. For example ，boys are more often given science sets as toys ，which spark an interest in these subjects.
In school 3 boys are often pushed to take the more challenging math and science classes. So if we want to attract the best and brightest minds into the fields that will advance us as a people ? a country，and a planet，we can no longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannot possibly consider opportunities they do not know exist. If girls are not exposed to certain subject and career paths，they are highly unlikely to choose to follow them in college.
Our bias(偏見(jiàn))toward girls9 either from families or from schools ，is so rooted in our culture that we often don’t even recognize it. Although the situation Has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years，there is still a sense that girls aren't as good at math 9 for instance 9 even though there is almost no evidence to support such a belief.
It is important that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes long before young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose a major in college. Without making efforts to break them， we are limiting the potentials of our youth，both male and female. Providing the necessary resources， exposure , and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn’t determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.
小題1:According to the passage ? not many girls grow to enter STEM fields because______.
A．girls are not as good at STEM as boys
B．girls do not like to take science classes
C．girls get fewer chances to know about STEM
D．girls seldom survive the high pressure positions
小題2:The underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refers to______
A．our biasB．our cultureC．the situationD．a(chǎn) sense
小題3:The main purpose of the passage is to______.
A．show women’s potentials in STEM fields
B．praise women’s contributions to STEM fields
C．describe the present gender bias in STEM fields
D．call for more involvement of women in STEM fields
小題4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:D

試題分析：本文介紹了沒(méi)有很多女性進(jìn)入STEM領(lǐng)域工作，是因?yàn)樗齻儧](méi)有什么機(jī)會(huì)接觸這方面的知識(shí)。是由于我們的文化導(dǎo)致對(duì)女性的偏見(jiàn)，呼吁多一些女性參與STEM領(lǐng)域的工作。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：While at home，girls generally don’t get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do.可知沒(méi)有很多女性進(jìn)入STEM領(lǐng)域工作，是因?yàn)樗齻儧](méi)有什么機(jī)會(huì)接觸這方面的知識(shí)。選C
小題2:猜詞題：我們的偏見(jiàn)扎根于文化，以至于我們都沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這種偏見(jiàn)。選A
小題3:推理題：從最后一段的句子：Providing the necessary resources， exposure , and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn’t determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.可知文章呼吁在STEM領(lǐng)域多一些女性。選D
小題4:文章結(jié)構(gòu)題：文章第一段提出話題：現(xiàn)在女性在STEM領(lǐng)域的很少是因?yàn)樵缒隂](méi)有接觸到這方面的知識(shí)。第二段講的是在家里的情況，第三段是在學(xué)校的情況，第四段把上兩段總結(jié)起來(lái)說(shuō)，第五段是這篇文章的總結(jié)。選D
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文介紹了沒(méi)有很多女性進(jìn)入STEM領(lǐng)域工作，是因?yàn)樗齻儧](méi)有什么機(jī)會(huì)接觸這方面的知識(shí)。是由于我們的文化導(dǎo)致對(duì)女性的偏見(jiàn)，呼吁多一些女性參與STEM領(lǐng)域的工作。這類文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰易懂，。集中考查了句意理解題和細(xì)節(jié)題，要求考生有較強(qiáng)的細(xì)節(jié)理解能力。做題時(shí)也可以結(jié)合自己的生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，再通過(guò)邏輯推理和判斷。文章結(jié)構(gòu)圖的解答關(guān)鍵是弄清每段的大意。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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C．Exceptional talent.D．Teamwork skills.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later.They will then have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.
Limit the amount of virtual (虛擬的) violence your children are exposed to. It’s not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.
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C．make the wearer more noticeable
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B．designer shoes are more practical and beautiful than common shoes
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A．explain why expensive designer shoes are worth the money
B．talk about the necessity of owning comfortable shoes
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Old age may not sound exciting. But recent findings offer good news for older people and for people worried about getting older.
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Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five.
The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.
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The study also showed that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.
The findings appeared in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Researchers say they do not know why happiness increases as people get older. One theory is that, as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.
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小題1: What is the report about?
A．The relationship between happiness and age.
B．The influence between happiness and unemployment.
C．The tendency between family and health.
D．The expectation between age and children.
小題2:Suppose John is 90 years old and Mike is 24, which of the following is True about them according to the research?
A．John is happier and more energetic than Mike.
B．Mike is happier but weaker than John.
C．John is more sad and worried than Mike.
D．Mike is more worried and depressed than John.
小題3: One of the possible reasons why the older one gets, the happier one becomes is that _______.
A．they have had enough bad experiences
B．they become more grateful about the things they own
C．they have found it easy to forget their pains and pressures
D．they have lost their ability to control themselves
小題4: Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Having young children affects the levels of happiness of the old.
B．Emotional patterns can change the physical structures of human’s brains.
C．It’s reported that women at all ages are happier than men.
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In 2002, Gerianne M. Alexander of Texas A&M University and Melissa Hines of City University in London surprised the scientific world by showing that monkeys showed the same sex typical toy preferences as humans. In the study, Alexander and Hines gave two masculine toys (a ball and a police car), two feminine toys (a soft doll and a cooking pot), and two neutral toys (a picture book and a stuffed dog) to 44 male and 44 female monkeys. They then assessed the monkeys’ preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each. Their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the feminine toys. The two sexes did not differ in their preference for the neutral toys.
If children’ s toy preferences were largely formed by gender socialization, as traditional sociologists’ claim, in which their parents give “gender appropriate” toys to boys and girls, how can these male and female monkeys have the same preferences as boys and girls？They were never socialized by humans, and they had never seen these toys before in their lives.
小題1:Traditional sociologists believe boys’ and girls’ toy preferences ________
A．a(chǎn)re passed down from their parents
B．a(chǎn)re largely formed in later life
C．have nothing to do with gender socialization
D．have a biological origin
小題2:The study by Alexander and Hines shows that monkeys________
A．a(chǎn)lso have a sex typical toy preference
B．a(chǎn)lso play toys as humans do
C．have no toy preferences
D．like to play different toys at different time
小題3:Alexander and Hines carried out the study to ________
A．find more evidence for traditional sociology
B．test the intelligence of monkeys
C．test whether monkeys like to play toys
D．find out why boys and girls prefer different toys
小題4:According to the study, if given a stuffed dog, _______
A．only the male monkeys showed interest
B．the female monkeys showed more interest
C．the male and female monkeys showed the same interest
D．neither the male nor the female monkeys showed any interest

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We may have hosted some difficult house guests once or on even more occasions. Are you still worrying about how to deal with them? Here below are some tips on how to deal with those difficult house guests.
You’ve been waiting an hour to eat breakfast but your guests are still sleeping.
“Unless you adjusted a time for breakfast the evening before, let your guests sleep-in and enjoy your breakfast without them. If possible, keep their breakfast warm. Or better yet, when entertaining it’s always a good idea to have cold breakfast (as well as lunch, dinner and snack) food on-hand.”
——Pamela Eyring，president and director of The Protocol School of Washington
Your guest’s teenage son is a Facebook addict and hogs your computer all day long.
“If you have a guest whose fingers are fixated to your keyboard, kindly let him know that you are expecting work email and give him enough time to finish using it.”
——Ummu Bradley Thomas, founder of the Freddie Bell Jones Modeling and Finishing School, Inc.
Your couch surfing, unemployed nephew has been here a month and is showing no sign of leaving.
“There is nothing wrong with saying ‘John, you have been here a month and have not put in any applications. What can I do to help you get your resume together? I would like to make a plan that will assist you in getting back on your feet and allow me to eventually have my extra room back for guests that will soon be arriving.’”
——Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas
Your guests expect you to accompany them to every single tourist attraction in your city. It’s tiring and expensive.
“If your guests didn’t offer to treat you, politely decline and offer to meet them afterwards for dinner or drinks. That way they know you enjoy their company.”
——Pamela Eyring, president and director of The Protocol School of Washington
You gave your friend a closet shelf for her stuff but her clothes are thrown all over the place.
“You should simply say ‘I am happy to have you use my closet but your clothes seem to have a mind of their own. Would you mind keeping your clothes on the top shelf? It would make it easier for me to find my things when I am in a rush and looking for them. Thank you.’”
——Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas
小題1:According to Ummu Bradley Thomas, which of the following is the best way to deal with the guests?
A．Kindly explaining to him you need to use the computer.
B．Politely asking him to stop using the computer at once.
C．Introducing other toys to him to play with.
D．Simply letting him keep using the computer as he likes.
小題2:The passage gives the following tips EXCEPT that _______.
A．declining the guests’ requests if you hate to accompany them everywhere
B．reminding them to keep their clothes on the top shelf
C．trying to offer at least one dish based on his or her preferences
D．keeping their breakfast warm or having cold breakfast food on-hand
小題3:Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A．How to Entertain Your Guests
B．How to Keep Good Personal Relations
C．How to Find the Best Solution
D．How to Deal with Difficult House Guests
小題4:In which section of a magazine can we most probably see this passage?
A．ScienceB．SocietyC．EconomyD．Education

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