如下圖所示,在絕緣水平面上,相距為L(zhǎng)的A、B兩點(diǎn)處分別固定著兩個(gè)等量正電荷,a、b是AB連線上兩點(diǎn),其中Aa=Bb=,O為AB連線中點(diǎn).一質(zhì)量為m、電荷量為+q的小滑塊(可視為質(zhì)點(diǎn))以初動(dòng)能Ek0從a點(diǎn)出發(fā),沿AB直線向b點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng),其中小滑塊第一次經(jīng)過(guò)O點(diǎn)時(shí)的動(dòng)能為初動(dòng)能的n倍(n>1),到達(dá)b點(diǎn)時(shí)動(dòng)能恰好為零,小滑塊最終停在O點(diǎn).求:

(1)小滑塊與水平面間的滑動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)μ;

(2)O、b兩點(diǎn)間的電勢(shì)差UOb;

(3)小滑塊運(yùn)動(dòng)的總路程s.

(1)μ=2Ek0/mgL  (2)UOb=(-n)Ek0  (3)s=L

解析:(1)由Aa=Bb=,O為AB中點(diǎn)得:

a、b關(guān)于O點(diǎn)對(duì)稱(chēng),則Uab=0                                                   ①

設(shè)小物塊與平面間摩擦力大小為f,對(duì)于小滑塊由a→b過(guò)程有:

0-Ek0=-f·+Uab·q                                                           ②

f=μN(yùn)                                                                        ③

N=mg                                                                        ④

由①②③④式得:μ=2Ek0/mgL.                                                  ⑤

(2)對(duì)于小滑塊O→b過(guò)程有:

0-nEk0=-f·+UObq

由③④⑤⑥式得:UOb=(-n)·Ek0.

(3)對(duì)于小滑塊從a開(kāi)始到最終O點(diǎn)停下過(guò)程有:

UaO=-UOb=(n-)·Ek0                                                         ⑧

0-Ek0=UaO·q-f·s                                                            ⑨

由③—⑨式得:s=·L.                                                 ⑩


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如下圖所示,在光滑絕緣的水平直軌道上有兩個(gè)帶電小球ab,a球質(zhì)量為2m,帶電量為+q,b球質(zhì)量為m,帶電量為-q,空間有水平向左的勻強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)。開(kāi)始時(shí)兩球相距較遠(yuǎn)且相向運(yùn)動(dòng),此時(shí)a、b兩球的速度大小分別為v和1.5v,在以后的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中它們不會(huì)相碰。不考慮兩球間的相互作用。下列說(shuō)法中正確的是

                                               

A.兩球相距最近時(shí)小球b的速度為零

       B.在兩球相運(yùn)動(dòng)到相距最近的過(guò)程中,電場(chǎng)力始終對(duì)b球做負(fù)功

       C.在兩球相運(yùn)動(dòng)到相距最近的過(guò)程中,電場(chǎng)力對(duì)兩球做的總功為零

       D.ab兩球最終都要反向運(yùn)動(dòng),b球先反向、a球后反向

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