甲、乙隊(duì)各有3名柔道選手,代號(hào)分別為甲1、甲2、甲3和乙1、乙2、乙3,兩隊(duì)隊(duì)員之間甲隊(duì)隊(duì)員獲勝的概率如下表所示.
隊(duì)別勝率隊(duì)別123
10.40.60.8
20.20.40.6
30.10.40.5
(1)若兩隊(duì)之間進(jìn)行對(duì)抗賽,一隊(duì)中至少有兩名選手戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)方才算是此隊(duì)獲勝,那么按甲1對(duì)乙2,甲2對(duì)乙1,甲3對(duì)乙3,甲隊(duì)獲勝的概率是多少?
(2)怎樣編排兩隊(duì)之間的對(duì)抗賽,甲隊(duì)獲勝的概率最大?最大概率為多少?

解:(1)若僅甲1對(duì)乙2,甲2對(duì)乙1獲勝,概率為0.6×0.5×0.2=0.06,
若僅甲1對(duì)乙2,甲3對(duì)乙3獲勝,概率為 0.6×0.5×0.8=0.24,
若僅甲2對(duì)乙1,甲3對(duì)乙3獲勝,概率為0.2×0.5×0.4=0.04,
若甲1對(duì)乙2,甲2對(duì)乙1,甲3對(duì)乙3都獲勝,概率為 0.6×0.2×0.5=0.06,
故甲隊(duì)獲勝的概率是0.06+0.24+0.04+0.06=0.4.
(2)由表格可知甲隊(duì)中水平是甲1最高,甲2其次,甲3最低;乙隊(duì)中水平是乙1最高,乙2其次,乙3最低.
所以按甲1對(duì)乙2,甲2對(duì)乙3,甲3對(duì)乙1編排,甲隊(duì)獲勝的概率最大,
最大概率為P=0.6×0.6×0.1+0.6×0.6×0.9+0.6×0.4×0.1+0.4×0.6×0.1=0.408.
分析:(1)分別求出甲1對(duì)乙2,甲2對(duì)乙1獲勝的概率,僅甲1對(duì)乙2,甲3對(duì)乙3獲勝的概率,僅甲2對(duì)乙1,甲3對(duì)乙3獲勝的概率,甲1對(duì)乙2,甲2對(duì)乙1,甲3對(duì)乙3都獲勝的概率,
把這4個(gè)概率相加即得所求.
(2)由表格可知甲隊(duì)中水平是甲1最高,甲2其次,甲3最低;乙隊(duì)中水平是乙1最高,乙2其次,乙3最低,故按甲1對(duì)乙2,甲2對(duì)乙3,甲3對(duì)乙1編排,甲隊(duì)獲勝的概率最大,并根據(jù)
表中所給的數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題主要考查相互獨(dú)立事件的概率乘法公式,互斥事件的概率加法公式的應(yīng)用,體現(xiàn)了分類討論的數(shù)學(xué)思想,屬于基礎(chǔ)題.
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