【題目】閱讀材料，回答下列問(wèn)題。

材料一　陸地的河流流速比較急，帶著上游沖刷下來(lái)的泥沙流到寬闊的海洋后，流速慢了下來(lái)，泥沙就沉積在河口附近，日積月累，越積越多，逐步形成高出水面的陸地，這就叫河口沖積島。

材料二　長(zhǎng)江三角洲歷史演變圖。

(1)河口沖積島形成的主要外力作用有哪些？

（2）描述材料二中古沙洲的生消變化過(guò)程。

(3)近年來(lái)該地海岸線向近海移動(dòng)的速度減慢，試說(shuō)明其原因。

【答案】（1）流水堆積（沉積）作用；海水的頂托作用。

（2）河口地區(qū)由于落差小及海水的頂托作用，水流速度減慢導(dǎo)致大量泥沙堆積，出露水面形成沙洲；泥沙繼續(xù)堆積，陸地面積不斷擴(kuò)大，古沙洲逐漸和大陸相連；受地轉(zhuǎn)偏向力影響，北岸堆積速度快。

（3）中上游植樹(shù)造林，水土流失減少；三峽水壩等水利工程截留部分泥沙。

【解析】試題分析：（1）沖積島分布在河流入�？�，由流水堆積作和海水頂托作用形成。

（2）沙洲是由于河流流速減慢，泥沙堆積，出露水面形成的，泥沙堆積不斷增加，陸地面積不斷擴(kuò)大，古沙洲逐漸和大陸相連，受地轉(zhuǎn)偏向力影響，北岸堆積速度快。

（3）海岸線向近海移動(dòng)速度減慢，說(shuō)明流水堆積作用減弱，流水堆積作用減弱說(shuō)明河流含沙量減少，原因是中上游植樹(shù)造林，水土流失減少及三峽大壩等水利工程攔水?dāng)r沙。

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