【題目】【2016年高考浙江卷】閱讀下面的文言文,完成下列各題題。

瑯嬛福地記

【明】張岱

晉太康中,張茂先為建安從事,游于洞山。緣溪深入,有老人枕書石上臥,茂先坐論說。視其所枕書,皆蝌蚪文,莫能辨,茂先異之。老人問茂先曰:君讀書幾何?茂先曰:華之未讀者,二十年內(nèi)書,二十年外書,則華固已讀盡之矣。老人微笑,把茂先臂走石壁下,忽有門入,途徑甚寬,至一精舍,藏書萬卷。問老人曰:何書?曰:世史也。又至一室,藏書愈富。又問:何書?老人曰:萬國志也。后至一密室,扃鑰甚固,有二黑犬守之,上有署篆,曰福地。問老人曰:何地?曰:此玉京、紫微、金真、七瑛、丹書、秘籍。指二犬曰:此癡龍也,守此二千年矣。開門茂先入,見所藏書,皆秦漢以前及海外諸國事,多未聞。如《三墳》《九丘》《連山》《歸藏》《杌》《春秋》諸書,亦皆在焉。茂先爽然自失。老人乃出酒果餉之,鮮潔非人世所有。茂先為停信宿而出,謂老人曰:異日裹糧再訪,縱觀群書。老人笑不答,送茂先出。甫出,門石忽然自閉。茂先回視之,但見雜草藤蘿,繞石而生,石上苔蘚亦合,初無縫隙。茂先癡佇視,望石再拜去。

嬴氏焚書史,咸陽火正熾。此中有全書,并不遺只字。上溯書契前,結繩亦有記。鷂前視伏羲,已是其叔季。海外多名邦,九州一黑痣。讀書三十,千萬中一二。方知余見小,春秋問蛄蟪。石彭與鳧毛,所見同兒稚。欲入問老人,路迷不得至;厥捉^壁間,荒蔓惟薜荔。懊恨一出門,可望不可企。坐臥十年許,此中或開示。

【注】張茂先:名華,字茂先。西晉文學家。

【1】對下列句子中加點詞語的解釋,不正確的一項是(

A.開門茂先入 肅:恭敬的樣子。

B.茂先為停信宿而出 信宿:兩三天。

C.異日裹糧再訪 裹糧:攜帶糧食。

D.讀書三十 乘:車。

2下列各組句子中,加點詞的意義和用法不相同的一組是(

A.茂先坐論說 B.二十年外書

而世又不能死節(jié)者比 望仆不相師

C.未聞 D.望石再拜

較秦之得與戰(zhàn)勝而得者 畢禮歸之

3下列對原文有關內(nèi)容的概括與賞析,不正確的一項是

A.在張茂先的自矜面前,老人微笑;當張茂先提出裹糧再訪的請求時,老人又笑而不答。兩之下,老人寬容、神秘的形象呼之欲出。

B.本文借一個充滿神異色彩的故事,揭示了山外有山、不可妄自尊大的道理;《桃花源記》則借虛構桃源仙境寄托社會理想:兩文有異曲同工之妙。

C.本文敘事簡練,描寫細膩,結尾議及嬴氏焚書史,旨在批評秦王嬴政焚書坑儒,導致典籍損毀的行為,體現(xiàn)了敘議結合的特征。

D.張岱行文善于渲染,筆墨傳神:說老人,則有枕書石上臥;寫福地,則有癡龍守此二千年矣。結尾用韻文的形式點明主旨,發(fā)人深思。

4把文中畫線的句子譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。

(1)茂先爽然自失。老人乃出酒果餉之,鮮潔非人世所有。

2)方知余見小,春秋問蛄蟪。

5/給下面的文段斷句。

進言者皆曰天下已安已治矣臣獨以為未也曰安且治者非愚則諛皆非事實知治亂之體者也夫抱石厝之積薪之下而寢其上火未及燃因謂之安方今之勢何以異此

(選自賈誼《治安策》)

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】C

【4】(1)張茂先感到茫然、失落。老人于是拿出酒菜果品給他吃,食物的鮮美潔凈不是人間能擁有的。

(2)(經(jīng)過此事)才知道我見識淺陋,就像夏生秋死(或春生夏死)的蟬不知道四季的轉換。

5】進言者皆曰//天下已安已治矣/臣獨以為未也/曰安且治者/非愚則諛/皆非事實知治亂之體者也/夫抱火厝之積薪之下而寢其上/火未及燃/因謂之安/方今之勢//何以異此

【解析】

【1】本題考查理解常見文言實詞在文中的含義。A項,這里的雖有恭敬的意思,但不能譯為的樣子,而只能表示一種態(tài)度,應譯為恭敬地(請別人)

名師點睛

答題時應根據(jù)語境,注意通假字、詞類活用、古今異義、一詞多義等。具體可用雙代入法,即將各選項解釋代入語句,看是否說得通,然后再將語句代入文中,看其同上下文語境是否吻合。要注意的是,只有兩者都吻合,才是正確的。

【2】本題考查理解常見文言虛詞在文中的意義和用法。B項的,第一句做連詞,相當于至于、如果是;第二句做動詞,好像之意。A項的都做介詞,相當于C項的都做助詞,同后面的動詞組成名詞性字短語。D項的都做連詞,連接兩個動詞或動詞性短語。

【3】本題考查歸納內(nèi)容要點、概括中心意思。C項,文章之所以議及秦始皇焚書之事,是為了說明洞中所藏之書保存得完整,沒有只字遺漏,并沒有批評秦王的意思。

名師點睛

考查時,本考點一般涉及以下幾點:1.某個論點的依據(jù);2.某種現(xiàn)象的內(nèi)在本質;3.件事發(fā)生的原因,某事件發(fā)展所導致的結果;4.某個人的思想性格。設題陷阱一般有曲解句意”“無中生有”“顛倒是非”“張冠李戴等。

【4】本題考查理解并翻譯文中的句子。第(1)句中的爽然茫然、悵惘之意; 餉之給他吃的意思。第(2)句中的 見小即見識淺陋;春秋問蛄蟪典出《莊子·逍遙游》,可聯(lián)系作答。

5】本題考查主觀型文言斷句。文段中”“”“”“者也都是斷句的標志性詞語,其后可斷開;動詞的處所是其上,其后應斷句;動詞之后都既無賓語也無補語,后面應斷句;方今之勢何以異此的主語,主謂之間應斷句。

【參考譯文】

晉朝太康年間,張華擔任建安從事,在洞山游覽。順著小溪進入深山,有一個老人枕著書躺在石板上,張華便同他談論?此^枕著的書,上面寫的都是蝌蚪文,不能辨識,張華感到很詫異。老人問張華說:您讀了多少書?張華說:我沒有讀過的書都是近二十年內(nèi)的新書,如果是二十年以前的書,我早就全部讀完了。老人微笑著,拉著張華的手臂走到石壁下,忽然出現(xiàn)一道門可以走進石壁,路徑比較寬,到了一個精致的屋舍,里邊裝了一萬卷書。張華問老人說:這是些什么書?老人說:這是世上的歷史書。又到了一個房間,里面收藏的書籍更加豐富。張華又問:這里藏的什么書?老人回答:這是萬國的歷史書。后又到了一個密封的房間,門用堅固的鎖鎖著,有兩只狗守在門前,門上印有大印,寫著瑯嬛福地四個字。張華問老人道:這是什么地方?老人說:這里藏有玉京、紫微、金真、七瑛、丹書、秘籍。老人指著兩只狗說:這就是癡龍,在這里守了兩千年了。老人開門躬身揖請張華進屋,張華看見這里收藏的書,記錄的全都是秦漢以前以及海外諸國的事,很多都聞所未聞。比如《三墳》《九丘》《連山》《歸藏》《梼杌》《春秋》等書籍,也全都在這里。張華感到茫然、失落。老人于是拿出酒菜果品給他吃,食物鮮美潔凈不是人間能擁有的。張華因此在這里停留了兩三天才出來,對老人說:以后我?guī)еZ食再來拜訪,觀看全部書籍。老人笑而不答,送張華出來。(張華)剛走出來,石門忽然自己關閉了。張華回頭一看,只見雜草藤蘿,纏繞著生長在石頭上,石板上苔蘚也是一整塊,一點縫隙都沒有。張華呆呆地注視著,朝著石板拜了兩拜才離開。

秦始皇燒掉了諸子百家的書籍,咸陽城中烈火正熊熊燃燒。這里卻有保存完整的書籍,連一個字都沒遺漏。上溯到書契之前,連結繩記事之時也有記載。(唐太宗)懷揣一只鷂子,連看伏羲都變成了叔季。海外有很多有名的城郭,它們多如牛毛就像九州里的一顆黑痣。讀書即使讀了三十車,也只能是千萬分之一二。(經(jīng)過此事)才知道我見識淺陋,就像夏生秋死(或春生夏死)的蟬不知道四季的轉換。石彭和鳧毛,它們所見的就如同小孩一樣。想進去問問老人,可是卻迷了路不能到達;仡^看懸崖絕壁之間,只有瘋長的滕蔓和薜荔。我懊悔遺憾,剛一出門就已經(jīng)是可望而不可即了。我坐著躺在這里十多年,也許這中間會開門。

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