Scientist Without Laboratories
When you hear the word “scitentist”, what do you think of? Many people think scientist are people in clean white coats who work in labs. And some scientists do work in labs. But there are 26 scientist who work in woods and jungles. These scientists are called “animal behavior (行為) scientists”, and they study animals as they live in nature.
Why don’t these scientists catch animals and study them in zoos? The 27 is in the word “behavior”. Animals behavior scientists want to learn 28 animal behave in their wild homes. When animals live in cages (籠子) or in zoos, they do not act the same as they do when they are 29 . They may fight 30 each other, or they may not eat, or they may not raise (撫養(yǎng)) their babies as they usually would. To see real animal behavior, scitentists must go where the animals 31 .
So animal behavior scientists go into the jungles, the woods or the desert. There , their most important 32 are their eyes and ears. They watch and listen to the animals very 33 . They write down everything that happened in notebook. 34
they live near the animals, the scientists are careful not to frighten them. If the scientists are luncky, the animals will 35 no attention to them. Then the scientists can see how the animals really live.
The behavior scientists hope what they’ve learned about animal behavoir can provide clues (提供線索) to help people learn to live together more happily.
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科目：初中英語 來源：2009—2010學(xué)年江蘇省宿遷市初二下學(xué)期期末檢測英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
Do you know why you sleep? You may think it’s because you’re tired. Or perhaps you’ve been told sleep is good for you. Yet no one knows exactly why or how people sleep.
Until the early 1950s, most scientists thought the body and brain rested during sleep. Then a scientist watched people sleep. He noticed that during periods of between 5 and 30 minutes each, sleepers’ eyes made rapid movements, as if they were watching something. He called these periods REM sleep, for Rapid Eye Movement. Periods when sleepers’ eyes did not move he called non-REM sleep.
Whenever the scientist woke people during REM sleep, they were having vivid dreams. Measurements showed that sleepers’ pulses（脈搏）went up quickly during REM sleep. Their breathing, heartbeat, and the blood going to the brain also increased. Far from being a time of rest, REM sleep is a time when the body is hard at work. Scientists still don’t know the reason for this. Some believe REM sleep makes learning easier. Babies spend a lot of time in REM sleep. Because of this, some scientists believe that REM sleep helps the brain grow. Others think REM sleep is a time for the brain to empty the day’s garbage.
One thing all the scientists agree on is that sleep is necessary. Without enough sleep, people make mistakes. Most major car accidents happen during the early morning hours, when people are sleepiest.
【小題1】During REM sleep, a person’s breathing and heartbeat ________.
| A．stop | B．increase | C．decrease | D．stay the same |
| A．easier | B．empty | C．vivid | D．quickly |
| A．1 | B．2 | C．3 | D．4 |
| A．REM sleep helps the brain grow. |
| B．REM sleep has been watched and recorded by scientists. |
| C．REM sleep is a time to empty the day’s garbage. |
| D．REM sleep is an active time when the body is hard at work. |
| A．has a restful effect on people |
| B．can be avoided with lots of sleep |
| C．is something that all people experience |
| D．is something that all scientists agree on |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2011年貴州省畢節(jié)地區(qū)中考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完型填空
Once, the famous scientist Einstein travelled to many places in America to give lectures. He travelled in a __26__, and soon made friends with his driver.
Each time Einstein gave the lecture, his driver __27__ sat in the front row and listened to him very carefully. The __28__ lecture was given so many times that the driver learned it well enough to give it himself.
One day, when Einstein was __29__ about it, he asked the driver to give the lecture for him in a small town.
That evening, both Einstein and the driver went into the lecture room. __30__ there had seen Einstein before. When the driver took his place, everybody applauded (鼓掌). Then he began the lecture. __31__ it was over, the people warmly applauded. The driver turned to look at Einstein. Einstein nodded with a smile on his face.
When they began to leave the lecture room, a man __32 __ them and asked the driver a very
__33__ question. The c river listened carefully, then he __34__ and said the question was interesting but really quite easy. To show how easy it is. I'll ask my __35__ to answer it," said the driver.
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科目：初中英語 來源：2011-2012學(xué)年江蘇儀征大儀中學(xué)初二上期期中考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Wind is the great maker of waves. There are exceptions (例外), such as the tidal (潮汐的) waves sometimes caused by earthquakes under the sea. But the waves most of us know are caused by winds blowing over the sea .
Now let’s learn some physical (自然地理學(xué)的) things about it. A wave has height, from low point to high point . It has length (長度)--the distance from this high point to that of the following wave. The period of the wave means the time it takes for succeeding high points to pass a fixed point. None of these things stays the same--for all depend upon (依靠)the wind, upon the depth (深度) of the water and many other matters.
The water that makes up a wave does not advance with it across the sea. Each drop of water turns around in a little circle with the passing of the wave, but returns very nearly to its original position (原先的位置). And it is lucky that this is so. For if the huge groups of water that make up a wave really moved across the sea, sailing would be impossible. If we want to find the speed of a wave, we may use the following way : Speed =" wavelength" × frequency (頻率).
Here, wavelength is the distance between two high points , frequency means the number of cycles per second
【小題1】What causes waves?
| A．Earthquakes and nothing else. | B．Only wind. |
| C．Wind causes most waves. | D．Wind causes some waves. |
| A．The water of a wave moves away across the sea. |
| B．The water of a wave remains almost at the same place. |
| C．The water of a wave goes with the passing of the wave. |
| D．The length of a wave means the distance from the top of a wave to the bottom. |
| A．The wavelengths of the two are equal. |
| B．The wavelength of Wave 1 is 10 times longer than that of Wave 2. |
| C．The wavelength of Wave 2 is longer than that of Wave 1. |
| D．The wavelength of Wave 1 is longer than that of Wave 2. |
| A．music magazine | B．fashion magazine | C．scientist magazine | D．sports magazine |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2013屆江蘇省盱眙縣九年級下學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
You may know the English letters A, B and C. But do you know there are people called ABC? You may like eating bananas. But do you know there is such a thing a "banana person"? How strange! Are these people from “another earth”? No, they are just Chinese people like you and me.
ABC means American–born Chinese. An ABC is a Chinese, but was born in the United States. Sometimes, people call an ABC a “banana person”. A banana is yellow outside and white inside — looking like a Westerner and yellow outside — looking like a Chinese.
Do you know why? Usually, ABCs know little about China or the Chinese language. Some of them don’t speak Chinese. Also, they are not interested in Chinese politics.
But if ABCs can not speak Chinese, can we still call them Chinese people? Yes, of course. They are Chinese. They are overseas Chinese. These people may be citizens (公民)of another country like the US, Canada or Singapore. But they have Chinese blood.Their parents, grandparents or even great-grandparents were from China. They all have black eyes and black hair. But they are not Chinese citizens. They are not people of the People’s Republic of China. For example, we all know the famous scientist C .N.Yang (楊振寧). H e got the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1957. Chinese people love him. But he is an American citizen.
【小題1】“ABC” in this passage means “____________”.
| A．three English letters |
| B．a(chǎn) kind of banana |
| C．Chinese born in America |
| D．Americans born in China |
| A．their bodies are white inside but yellow outside |
| B．they think like Westerners but look like Chinese |
| C．they were born in China but got to study in America |
| D．they like to eat bananas |
| A．國籍 | B．血統(tǒng) | C．愛心 | D．皮膚 |
| A．American Chinese are great. |
| B．We love American Chinese. |
| C．Chinese people can win Nobel Prizes. |
| D．American-Chinese are not Chinese citizens. |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年重慶市九年級5月（第八次）月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations(適應(yīng)能力) was Charles Darwin(達(dá)爾文). He was born in England in 1809. He wasn’t the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors observing(觀察) nature more than having medical classes. He dropped out without graduating.
Next, Charles’ father sent him to school to become a minister(牧師). This time he made it to graduation, but he didn’t want to do the work of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science.
Luckily, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist after graduation. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. Their task was to make maps of the places they visited.
On December 27th, 1831. Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five. During this time, he saw many amazing things. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to begin his scientific study.
Twenty-three years later, Darwin published a scientific paper with another man named Wallace. Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring(后代). Darwin’s ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study of living things.
1.Darwin was very interested in ____________.
A．having medical classes B．the work of a minister
C．sailing around the world D．science and nature
2.The trip on the Beagle lasted ____________ years.
A．five B．four
C．three D．two
3.When Darwin published the scientific paper, he was ____________ years old.
A．twenty B．twenty-three
C．forty-five D．fifty
4.The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ____________.
A．a(chǎn)daptations B．Darwin and Wallace
C．a(chǎn)nimals D．Darwin’s ideas
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