】閱讀《塑料瓶裝水真的干凈嗎》完成下面題目(7分)
①出門在外,口渴的時候我們都習(xí)慣買一瓶水喝,瓶裝水給我們的印象是干凈和方便,尤其是高檔瓶裝水都會標榜自己“出身清白”,“從未受到過人類污染”。例如,“王島云雨”產(chǎn)自澳大利亞塔斯馬尼亞島,那里號稱擁有世界上“最干凈的空氣”,雨水自然清潔無比;“公元前1萬年”產(chǎn)自號稱“地球上最古老的水源”——加拿大卑詩省沿岸的冰川,水質(zhì)更是純正無比。然而,科學(xué)家指出,塑料瓶裝水也有可能“不干凈”。
②英國化學(xué)研究人員威廉·肖迪克表示,裝飲用水的塑料瓶生產(chǎn)過程就有污染隱患,因為在制造瓶子的過程中,會使用含有銻元素的化合物作催化劑,隨著塑料瓶的成型,銻元素也進入了塑料中。塑料瓶可能會持續(xù)向瓶中的水溶解重金屬元素銻,這種元素長期積聚在體內(nèi)可能危害健康。威廉·肖迪克對當?shù)氐?5種熱銷瓶裝水進行化學(xué)檢驗,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)天然地下水中的銻含量是萬億分之一,而剛出廠的瓶裝水的銻含量平均為萬億分之一百六十。時間越長,塑料瓶中的銻元素在水中的溶解量越大,這個過程就像泡茶一樣。出廠3個月后,瓶裝水中的銻元素的含量竟然增加了一倍。然而,現(xiàn)在市場上大多數(shù)瓶裝水包裝上注明的保質(zhì)期大多是24個月。另外,溫度越高,銻元素在水中的溶解量越大,而人們對瓶裝水需求量較大的季節(jié)是溫度高的夏天。肖迪克表示,雖然攝入極少量的銻元素不會導(dǎo)致人生病,但是大量攝入則會誘發(fā)嘔吐,甚至可能致命。
③美國哈佛大學(xué)的研究人員米歇爾等人發(fā)現(xiàn),不少塑料瓶在加工過程中會加入名為“雙酚A”(BPA)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)與出生缺陷、發(fā)育問題、心臟病和糖尿病患病風(fēng)險高有關(guān)聯(lián)。專家對它可能對人體健康造成的影響表示擔憂,而一些國家已將該物質(zhì)正式列為有毒物質(zhì)。
④此外,荷蘭研究者發(fā)現(xiàn),瓶裝礦泉水經(jīng)常被細菌和真菌污染,污染的瓶裝礦泉水對健康個體致病的危險可能有限,但對于免疫功能低下的病人和嬰兒,則有更高的感染危險。
⑤英國“水與環(huán)境管理協(xié)會”的執(zhí)行主席尼克·里夫斯還表示,瓶裝水對環(huán)境的污染也不容忽視。全世界每年用于制造塑料瓶的塑料為270萬噸,這些塑料的原料大多是從石油中提取的,僅在美國,制造這些塑料瓶就要消耗150萬桶石油,這些石油可以供10萬輛汽車使用一年。86%的塑料水瓶最后都變成了垃圾,需要400年至1000年才能降解。這些塑料垃圾在燃燒時會產(chǎn)生有毒氣體和含有重金屬的灰燼。
(摘自2011年5月《知識就是力量》,略有刪改)
A.隨著溫度增高,時間增加,塑料瓶中的銻元素在水中溶解量會越大。
B.重金屬元素銻一旦被人體攝入,就會誘發(fā)嘔吐,甚至可能致命。
C.全世界每年用于制造塑料瓶的塑料為270萬噸,這些塑料的原料大多是從石油中提取的。
D.專家認為,在塑料瓶加工過程中所加入的名為“雙酚A”(BPA)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能對人體健康造成影響。
【小題1】下列句中劃線詞語能否刪去?為什么(4分)
(1)出廠3個月后,瓶裝水中的銻元素的含量竟然增加了一倍。
(2)瓶裝礦泉水經(jīng)常被細菌和真菌污染,污染的瓶裝礦泉水對健康個體致病的危險可能有限,

【小題1】B
【小題1】(1)不能,竟然表示出乎意料,用竟然說明銻元素的含量增加到令人難以置信的程度,刪去后就變成情理之中了。
(2)不能,可能表示猜測,用可能是說明污染的瓶裝礦泉水對健康個體致病的危險有限是一種猜測,這種危險也許會很大;刪去后就只表示危險小了,與文章說明的意思不符合。解析:

【小題1】B的說法與文中“攝入極少量的銻元素不會導(dǎo)致人生病,但是大量攝入則會誘發(fā)嘔吐,甚至可能致命!辈环赃x“B”
【小題1】說明文的用語要求準確、嚴密又不乏生動。
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