60℃時將36g硝酸鉀溶于204g水中,該溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為 .將此溶液平均分成三等份:
(1)取第一份,將溫度升高到90℃,此時溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為 ;
(2)取第二份,要使其溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)比原來增加一倍,需加入硝酸鉀固體 g;
(3)取第三份,使其溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)變?yōu)樵瓉淼囊话,需加? g.
【答案】
分析:溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%,若想求溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)只要找出相應的溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量和溶液的質(zhì)量即可.
解答:解:溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%=
×100%=15%,故答案為:15%
(1)取第一份,升溫,由于在升溫的過程中,溶質(zhì)和溶劑的質(zhì)量并沒有發(fā)生變化,因此溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)也不變,故答案為:15%
(2)取第二份,要使其溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)比原來增加一倍,即溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)變成30%,可設(shè)需要加入的硝酸鉀的質(zhì)量為x.
30%=
×100%,x=17.1g
故答案為:17.1g
(3)取第三份,使其溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)變?yōu)樵瓉淼囊话,即溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)變?yōu)?.5%,可設(shè)需加水的質(zhì)量為y,則
7.5%=
×100%,
y=80g
故答案為:80g
點評:本題難度不是很大,主要考查了有關(guān)溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)的簡單計算,從而加深學生對溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)概念的理解,培養(yǎng)學生的計算能力和理解能力.